Abstract: Disclosed is a battery cell including an electrode, a housing, a cell interior inside the housing, a temperature sensor, and a heat-conducting part which differs from the electrode, is entirely or partially disposed inside the housing of the battery cell, and is thermally connected to the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining rendering parameters based on authored snapshots or templates. In one aspect, clinically relevant snapshots of patient medical data are created by experts to support educational or clinical workflows. Alternatively, the snapshots are created by automation processes from AI-based organ and disease segmentations. In another aspect, clinically relevant templates are generated. Rendering parameters are derived from the snapshots or templates, stored, and then applied for either rendering new data or interactive viewing of existing data.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods for rendering a volumetric dataset and a surface embedded in the volumetric dataset are described. One method includes performing a volume rendering process to generate a volume rendering of the volume. Based on the volume rendering process, depths of respective locations in the volume rendering are determined, and the depths stored in association with the respective locations. A surface rendering process generates a surface rendering of a surface using the depths and respective locations. The volume rendering and the surface rendering are combined into a combined rendering of the volume and surface. In another method, depths of the surface at respective locations with respect to the volume are determined and the depths are stored in association with the locations. A volume rendering process includes a shading process which uses the depths of the surface and the respective locations.

Abstract: Distance estimation is optimized in virtual or augmented reality. A distance map of a surgical instrument to a region of interest is determined, at least at the beginning and when a position of the surgical instrument has changed. A render-image is rendered based on a medical 3D image and the position of the surgical instrument, at least at the beginning and when the position of the surgical instrument has changed. At least the region of interest and those parts of the surgical instrument positioned in the volume of the render-image are shown in the render-image. Based on the distance map, at least for a predefined area of the region of interest, visible, acoustic, and/or haptic distance-information is added.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods for rendering a volumetric dataset and a surface embedded in the volumetric dataset are described. One method includes performing a volume rendering process to generate a volume rendering of the volume. Based on the volume rendering process, depths of respective locations in the volume rendering are determined, and the depths stored in association with the respective locations. A surface rendering process generates a surface rendering of a surface using the depths and respective locations. The volume rendering and the surface rendering are combined into a combined rendering of the volume and surface. In another method, depths of the surface at respective locations with respect to the volume are determined and the depths are stored in association with the locations. A volume rendering process includes a shading process which uses the depths of the surface and the respective locations.

Abstract: To reduce complexity and corresponding run time, quantum computation is used for rendering a volume. The quantum computation may search for voxels along a ray or the minimum or maximum. The quantum computation may orient (e.g., rotate) data for more efficient searching for the maximum or minimum. Due to the superposition in quantum computing, the efficiency in volume rendering medical images is increased as compared to traditional binary approaches.

Abstract: Physically-based volume rendering generates a lightfield. The locations of scattering modeled in physically-based rendering are used to assign depths for the lightfield. The previously assigned depths and previously rendered lightfield are used for lightfield rendering, which may be performed more rapidly than the physically-based volume rendering.

Abstract: To reduce complexity and corresponding run time, quantum computation is used for rendering a volume. The quantum computation may search for voxels along a ray or the minimum or maximum. The quantum computation may orient (e.g., rotate) data for more efficient searching for the maximum or minimum. Due to the superposition in quantum computing, the efficiency in volume rendering medical images is increased as compared to traditional binary approaches.

Abstract: Physically-based volume rendering produces pixels. By assigning depths to the pixels, a 3D point cloud is generated. For more rapid rendering, such as due to user interaction, the 3D point cloud rendering is a proxy to physically-based volume rendering. The rendering parameters for the desired image may be determined using the proxy, and then physically-based volume rendering is performed to obtain the desired image.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for exploration of medical visualization parameters in virtual spaces includes detecting a user location and a user orientation in a physical space and generating a display of an immersive layout centered at the user location and the user orientation. A plurality of holograms is generated within in the immersive layout. Each hologram depicts a rendering of a medical image with a distinct combination of rendering parameter values. The display is updated based on a change to one or more of the user location and the user orientation in the physical space.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for exploration of medical visualization parameters in virtual spaces includes detecting a user location and a user orientation in a physical space and generating a display of an immersive layout centered at the user location and the user orientation. A plurality of holograms is generated within in the immersive layout. Each hologram depicts a rendering of a medical image with a distinct combination of rendering parameter values. The display is updated based on a change to one or more of the user location and the user orientation in the physical space.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to presampled photon maps for Monte-Carlo volume renderings. A photon map is generated from scan data of a volume, and the photon map is sampled and stored as an O-buffer or a uniform buffer. The O-buffer is adapted to the scan data and/or the transfer function to optimize the offset of the O-buffer for use in Monte-Carlo volume rendering. A Monte-Carlo volume rendering is generated from the scan data and the sampled photon map.

Abstract: Physically-based volume rendering generates a lightfield. The locations of scattering modeled in physically-based rendering are used to assign depths for the lightfield. The previously assigned depths and previously rendered lightfield are used for lightfield rendering, which may be performed more rapidly than the physically-based volume rendering.

Abstract: Physically-based volume rendering produces pixels. By assigning depths to the pixels, a 3D point cloud is generated. For more rapid rendering, such as due to user interaction, the 3D point cloud rendering is a proxy to physically-based volume rendering. The rendering parameters for the desired image may be determined using the proxy, and then physically-based volume rendering is performed to obtain the desired image.

Abstract: For occlusion handing in lightfield rendering, layered lightfields are created. Rather than use one lightfield for one camera position and orientation, multiple lightfields representing different depths or surfaces at different depths relative to that camera position and orientation are created. By using layered lightfields for the various camera positions and orientations, the camera may be located within the convex hull or scanned object. The depths of the layers are used to select the lightfields for a given camera position and location.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to multi-resolution lightfield representations and lightfield renderings. By way of introduction, the present embodiments include apparatuses and methods for generating multi-resolution lightfield representations used to generate lightfield renderings that provide end users with zoom functionality without distorting the rendering. Image data sets of a volume are captured at different resolutions for each camera position, and the image data sets are stored as multi-resolution image pyramids. The multi-resolution image pyramids represent the lightfield at different resolutions, and image data sets at a particular resolution are selected and used for generating a volume rendering at a zoom level chosen for the lightfield rendering.

Abstract: Robotic navigation is provided in nuclear probe imaging. Adaptive reconstruction is provided. A measure of quality of the reconstruction is used as a feedback to determine when sufficient sampling has occurred. For example, once a pre-determined number of separate lesions are indicated in the reconstruction, the quality of the reconstruction is considered sufficient.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to presampled photon maps for Monte-Carlo volume renderings. A photon map is generated from scan data of a volume, and the photon map is sampled and stored as an O-buffer or a uniform buffer. The O-buffer is adapted to the scan data and/or the transfer function to optimize the offset of the O-buffer for use in Monte-Carlo volume rendering. A Monte-Carlo volume rendering is generated from the scan data and the sampled photon map.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to multi-resolution lightfield representations and lightfield renderings. By way of introduction, the present embodiments include apparatuses and methods for generating multi-resolution lightfield representations used to generate lightfield renderings that provide end users with zoom functionality without distorting the rendering. Image data sets of a volume are captured at different resolutions for each camera position, and the image data sets are stored as multi-resolution image pyramids. The multi-resolution image pyramids represent the lightfield at different resolutions, and image data sets at a particular resolution are selected and used for generating a volume rendering at a zoom level chosen for the lightfield rendering.

Abstract: For occlusion handing in lightfield rendering, layered lightfields are created. Rather than use one lightfield for one camera position and orientation, multiple lightfields representing different depths or surfaces at different depths relative to that camera position and orientation are created. By using layered lightfields for the various camera positions and orientations, the camera may be located within the convex hull or scanned object. The depths of the layers are used to select the lightfields for a given camera position and location.