Abstract: Methods capable of determining a depth of investigation of a logging tool can include generating an error distribution model for a logging tool. The methods can also include defining a detection threshold above which a measured signal from a measurement channel of the logging tool can be considered reliable based on output from the error distribution model, and generating a simulated formation model to determine the depth of investigation. The depth of investigation can be biased by the detection threshold.

Abstract: Methods for determining oil-water contact positions and water zone resistivities are provided. In one example, the method may involve performing a 1D inversion on data collected by a resistivity logging tool. Further, the method may involve scanning a resistivity profile of a reservoir generated by the 1D inversion for a boundary position below the resistivity logging tool. Furthermore, the method may involve applying a local residual weighted average on the boundary position to generate an initial estimation of an oil-water contact position and inverting the initial estimation of the oil-water contact to generate water zone resistivity and a modified oil-water contact position. Additionally, the method may involve running a smoothing local post-processing operation to generate a layered model and performing a 2D inversion on the layered model.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses to generate a formation model are described. In one aspect, a logging system includes a transmitter to produce an electromagnetic field in a borehole, a receiver in the borehole to detect a first field signal induced by the electromagnetic field at a first depth of investigation and a second field signal induced by the electromagnetic field at a second depth of investigation, and a modeling unit to perform a first one-dimensional inversion on the first field signal and a second one-dimensional inversion on the second field signal, build a two-dimensional model from the first one-dimensional inversion and the second one-dimensional inversion, and perform a two-dimensional inversion on the two-dimensional model to generate a two-dimensional formation model.

Abstract: Methods capable of determining a depth of investigation of a logging tool can include generating an error distribution model for a logging tool. The methods can also include defining a detection threshold above which a measured signal from a measurement channel of the logging tool can be considered reliable based on output from the error distribution model, and generating a simulated formation model to determine the depth of investigation. The depth of investigation can be biased by the detection threshold.

Abstract: Methods for determining oil-water contact positions and water zone resistivities are provided. In one example, the method may involve performing a 1D inversion on data collected by a resistivity logging tool. Further, the method may involve scanning a resistivity profile of a reservoir generated by the 1D inversion for a boundary position below the resistivity logging tool. Furthermore, the method may involve applying a local residual weighted average on the boundary position to generate an initial estimation of an oil-water contact position and inverting the initial estimation of the oil-water contact to generate water zone resistivity and a modified oil-water contact position. Additionally, the method may involve miming a smoothing local post-processing operation to generate a layered model and performing a 2D inversion on the layered model.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses to generate a formation model are described. In one aspect, a logging system includes a transmitter to produce an electromagnetic field in a borehole, a receiver in the borehole to detect a first field signal induced by the electromagnetic field at a first depth of investigation and a second field signal induced by the electromagnetic field at a second depth of investigation, and a modeling unit to perform a first one-dimensional inversion on the first field signal and a second one-dimensional inversion on the second field signal, build a two-dimensional model from the first one-dimensional inversion and the second one-dimensional inversion, and perform a two-dimensional inversion on the two-dimensional model to generate a two-dimensional formation model.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and program product utilize logging while drilling (LWD) data, e.g., structural data, formation property data, fluid contact data and/or structural dip data as may be derived from resistivity and/or other LWD data, to generate a locally enhanced reservoir model of a reservoir proximate a wellbore. The locally enhanced reservoir model, in turn, may be used to optimize the design of a completion for the wellbore, e.g., by optimizing the design of a flow control device incorporated into such a completion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heterojunction bipolar transistor comprising a support, and epitaxially grown from said support, at least: one collecting, respectively emitting, layer; at least one base layer; and at least one emitting, respectively collecting, layer. The collecting, respectively emitting, layer comprises: at least one first undercoat contacted with said base layer, substantially of similar composition as said emitting, respectively collecting, layer; and at least one second undercoat on the side opposite said base layer relative to said first undercoat.

Abstract: A wellbore tool for locating a target wellbore containing a conductive member from a second wellbore and directing the trajectory of the second wellbore relative to the target wellbore includes an electric current driver having an insulated gap; a three-axis magnetometer positioned within a non-magnetic housing that is disposed within a non-magnetic tubular, the three-axis magnetometer positioned below the electric current driver; a drill bit positioned below the three-axis magnetometer; a hollow tubular connected between the electric current driver and the three-axis magnetometer; and a measurement-while-drilling tool. The current driver generates an electric current across the gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap. In a method a current is generated across the insulated gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap to the conductive material in the target wellbore returning to a portion of the bottom hole assembly above the insulated gap thereby producing a target magnetic field.

Abstract: A wellbore tool for locating a target wellbore containing a conductive member from a second wellbore and directing the trajectory of the second wellbore relative to the target wellbore includes an electric current driver having an insulated gap; a three-axis magnetometer positioned within a non-magnetic housing that is disposed within a non-magnetic tubular, the three-axis magnetometer positioned below the electric current driver; a drill bit positioned below the three-axis magnetometer; a hollow tubular connected between the electric current driver and the three-axis magnetometer; and a measurement-while-drilling tool. The current driver generates an electric current across the gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap. In a method a current is generated across the insulated gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap to the conductive material in the target wellbore returning to a portion of the bottom hole assembly above the insulated gap thereby producing a target magnetic field.

Abstract: A wellbore tool for locating a target wellbore containing a conductive member from a second wellbore and directing the trajectory of the second wellbore relative to the target wellbore includes an electric current driver having an insulated gap; a three-axis magnetometer positioned within a non-magnetic housing that is disposed within a non-magnetic tubular, the three-axis magnetometer positioned below the electric current driver; a drill bit positioned below the three-axis magnetometer; a hollow tubular connected between the electric current driver and the three-axis magnetometer; and a measurement-while-drilling tool. The current driver generates an electric current across the gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap. In a method a current is generated across the insulated gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap to the conductive material in the target wellbore returning to a portion of the bottom hole assembly above the insulated gap thereby producing a target magnetic field.

Abstract: An induction or propagation apparatus for performing measuring the tensor resistivity of a sample of matter includes a non-conductive, generally cylindrical tubular member adapted to receive the matter therein, a triaxial transmitter, at least one triaxial receiver, and an electronic module. The electronic module is adapted to energize the triaxial transmitter, control acquisition of signals by the at least one triaxial receiver, and perform anisotropic measurements and analysis. The triaxial transmitter and the at least one triaxial receiver are disposed on the generally cylindrical tubular member in axial spaced relationship.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heterojunction bipolar transistor comprising a support, and epitaxially grown from said support, at least: one collecting, respectively emitting, layer; at least one base layer; and at least one emitting, respectively collecting, layer. The collecting, respectively emitting, layer comprises: at least one first undercoat contacted with said base layer, substantially of similar composition as said emitting, respectively collecting, layer; and at least one second undercoat on the side opposite said base layer relative to said first undercoat.

Abstract: Procedure for rendering images in real time of three-dimensional models of items of jewellery Procedure for rendering images in real time of three-dimensional models of items of jewellery comprising at least one transparent or translucent stone having facets, which procedure comprises the steps consisting in determining a reference point in the stone, calculating the components of the normals to the facets of the stone in a discrete set of directions around the reference point and storing these components in a map of the normals, and simulating light reflections within the stone by calculating an approximation of the point of intersection between a ray and the stone using a simplified geometric shape of the stone and using, to calculate the direction of the reflected ray, a normal extracted from the map of the normals, corresponding to the point of the surface of the stone located in the direction of the point relative to the reference point.

Abstract: A wellbore tool for locating a target wellbore containing a conductive member from a second wellbore and directing the trajectory of the second wellbore relative to the target wellbore includes an electric current driver having an insulated gap; a three-axis magnetometer positioned within a non-magnetic housing that is disposed within a non-magnetic tubular, the three-axis magnetometer positioned below the electric current driver; a drill bit positioned below the three-axis magnetometer; a hollow tubular connected between the electric current driver and the three-axis magnetometer; and a measurement-while-drilling tool. The current driver generates an electric current across the gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap. In a method a current is generated across the insulated gap to the portion of the tool below the insulated gap to the conductive material in the target wellbore returning to a portion of the bottom hole assembly above the insulated gap thereby producing a target magnetic field.