Abstract: A controller for controlling an internal combustion engine of a vehicle is disclosed. The controller includes at least one real-time dynamic computational model of at least a part of the internal combustion engine, at least one offline optimized set-point as a first input to the computational model, at least one physical engine sensor input as a second input to the computational model, and a real-time optimizer configured to adjust at least one engine control signal on the basis of at least one output of the computational model in such a way that a deviation from a set-point is at least decreased.

Abstract: An external, head worn electrical nerve stimulation device, including a power source and a head band configured to fit around a patient's head, the patient's head including a front portion, a rear portion opposite the front portion, a first lateral side, and a second lateral side opposite the first lateral side. The device further includes a plurality of electrical electrodes circumferentially disposed along the head band, wherein the plurality of electrodes contacts each of the front portion, the rear portion, the first lateral side, and the second lateral side. The plurality of electrical electrodes is configured to stimulate, with electrical current, at least one of the greater occipital nerve, the lesser occipital nerve, the supraorbital nerve, the supratrochlear nerve, zygomatotemporal nerve, and the auriculotemporal nerve when the electrodes are energized by the power source.

Abstract: An external, head worn electrical nerve stimulation device, including a power source and a head band configured to fit around a patient's head, the patient's head including a front portion, a rear portion opposite the front portion, a first lateral side, and a second lateral side opposite the first lateral side. The device further includes a plurality of electrical electrodes circumferentially disposed along the head band, wherein the plurality of electrodes contacts each of the front portion, the rear portion, the first lateral side, and the second lateral side. The plurality of electrical electrodes is configured to stimulate, with electrical current, at least one of the greater occipital nerve, the lesser occipital nerve, the supraorbital nerve, the supratrochlear nerve, zygomatotemporal nerve, and the auriculotemporal nerve when the electrodes are energized by the power source.

Abstract: A transmural catalysis device allows for conversion of NOx into N2 in internal combustion engine exhaust. A reducing gas is delivered into exhaust tubes through a plurality of pores or channels in the walls of the exhaust tubes either continuously or periodically. Also disclosed are methods using the device for reduction of NOx and automotive vehicles comprising the device.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device 1 such as a current sensor includes a circuit configuration 3 which is driven from supply rails (P1, P2) at a given operational voltage. The integrated circuit device 1 includes control circuitry (R1, T1) responsive to an enabling signal from a micro-controller 2 applied to pin P8 to ensure that data supplied at pin P7 to the micro-controller is at a voltage compatible with a running voltage of the micro-controller 2 that is different from that of the device 1. No pin to receive a rail voltage corresponding to the running voltage for the micro-controller 2 is needed for the integrated circuit device 1.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device 1 such as a current sensor includes a circuit configuration 3 which is driven from supply rails (P1, P2) at a given operational voltage. An external data connection P7 is arranged to supply data to a controlling micro-controller 2 that operates at a running voltage different from the voltage for the device 1. An enable connection (6) couples an enabling signal from the micro-controller 2 at its running voltage to pin P8 on the device 1. In response, the circuit configuration 3 supplies data for the micro-controller 2, to the data pin P7. The integrated circuit device 1 includes control circuitry (R1, T1) responsive to the enabling signal applied to pin P8 to ensure that the data supplied at pin P7 is at a voltage compatible with the running voltage of the micro-controller 2. No pin to receive a rail voltage corresponding to the running voltage for the micro-controller 2 is needed for the integrated circuit device 1.

Abstract: A sailing boat with an A-shaped mast pivotally connected to the topside of the cabin and sloping forwardly from the connection points. A backstay holds the mast in its inclined operating position. The jib and the mainsail are furling sails and are attached to forestays connected between the forward portion of the vessel and the mast.