Abstract: A network simulation system and method including a network simulation including instructions stored in a memory and executed by a processor to simulate the operation of a network, and a processing delay model including instructions stored in a memory and executed by a processor to enable the network simulation to simulate the operation of the network incorporating processing delay, where the processing delay model includes an objective calibration function, where the network is operated responsive to the simulated operation of the network incorporating the processing delay. The processing delay model enables the network simulation to simulate the operation of the network incorporating processing delay via the objective calibration function using estimated calibration values.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for reducing accumulation of foulants on reverse osmosis membranes and a groundwater desalination system. An example method comprises passing a feedstream of groundwater through a water treatment unit having a plurality of reverse osmosis membranes disposed therein at a first feed pressure, the first feed pressure being greater than an osmotic pressure of the ground water feedstream, thereby producing a flow of a permeate stream and a concentrate stream; reducing the first feed pressure to a second feed pressure being less than the osmotic pressure of the groundwater, thereby generating a forward osmosis backflow of the permeate stream through said membranes into the groundwater feedstream; filtering the resulting mixture of backflow and groundwater; and discharging the filtered mixture with the concentrate stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods for network management are disclosed herein, including collecting network information including at least a topology of the network, traffic flow characteristics, and network performance data; constructing a digital twin of the network based on the collected information, wherein the digital twin includes nodes, links, and associated traffic flows; applying a machine learning model to the digital twin to predict QoS metrics for each traffic flow; and outputting the predicted QoS metrics for further analysis or network actions. The digital twin can be used for various use cases, including, e.g., localizing faults, optimizing QoS metrics over potential BGP routes, network planning to optimize network topologies, what-if failure scenarios, and the like.

Abstract: A method for optimizing network performance using reinforcement learning (RL) agents is disclosed. The method includes identifying multiple network segments within a network, each including network nodes; generating and training respective RL agents for at least a subset of these segments based on performance metrics indicative of data flow within each segment, independently of specific segment topology information; receiving outputs from the trained RL agents, including policies or performance evaluations; generating recommendations based on the received outputs; and causing network actions to be implemented based on these recommendations. In various embodiments, the RL agents utilize metrics such as Quality of Service (QOS), Quality of Experience (QoE), or radio resource management parameters. Recommended actions may include switching traffic paths, adjusting wireless parameters, and proactively preventing network congestion to enhance network operation and user experience.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media are provided for conducting user query searches. According to one implementation, a process includes a step of, in response to receiving a user query directed to subject information retrievable from documentation stored in a private database, using a section-based chunking procedure to obtain, from the private database, a relevant section of the documentation as context. The process further includes a step of feeding the user query and the relevant section as context to a Large Language Model (LLM).

Abstract: An automated network inventory discovery method, including: at a network inventory discovery engine coupled to a network data source, receiving unstructured network configuration data associated with a network element (NE); and, using a trained machine learning (ML) model, parsing named entity attributes from text of the unstructured network configuration data and mapping the named entity attributes to a common information model having a predetermined data structure. The trained ML model includes a trained named entity recognition (NER) model and/or a trained large language model (LLM). Alternatively, the trained ML model includes a trained NER model that is used to pre-process the text of the unstructured network configuration data prior to feeding resulting data into a trained LLM. The trained ML model serves the function of a custom parser script that is specific to one or more of the unstructured network configuration data or the network data source.

Abstract: Methods are provided for recommending actions to improve operability of a network. In one implementation, a method includes acknowledging a plurality of subnetworks in a whole network, each subnetwork including multiple nodes and being represented by a tunnel group having multiple end-to-end tunnels through the subnetwork. The method also includes selecting a first group of subnetworks from the plurality of subnetworks and generating a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent for each subnetwork of the first group. Each RL agent is based on observations of end-to-end metrics of the end-to-end tunnels of the respective subnetwork. The observations are independent of specific topology information of the subnetwork. Also, the method includes training a global model based on the RL agents of the first group of subnetworks and applying the global model to an Action Recommendation Engine (ARE) configured for recommending actions that can be taken to improve a state of the whole network.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for analyzing one or more root causes of service degradation events in a network or other environment. A method, according to one implementation, includes a step of monitoring a plurality of overlying services offered in an underlying infrastructure having a plurality of resources arranged with a specific topology. In response to detecting a negative impact on the overlying services during a predetermined time window and based on an understanding of the specific topology, the method further includes the step of identifying suspect components from the plurality of resources in the underlying infrastructure. The method also includes the step of obtaining status information with respect to the suspect components to determine a root cause of the negative impact on the overlying services.

Abstract: Methods are provided for recommending actions to improve operability of a network. In one implementation, a method includes acknowledging a plurality of subnetworks in a whole network, each subnetwork including multiple nodes and being represented by a tunnel group having multiple end-to-end tunnels through the subnetwork. The method also includes selecting a first group of subnetworks from the plurality of subnetworks and generating a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent for each subnetwork of the first group. Each RL agent is based on observations of end-to-end metrics of the end-to-end tunnels of the respective subnetwork. The observations are independent of specific topology information of the subnetwork. Also, the method includes training a global model based on the RL agents of the first group of subnetworks and applying the global model to an Action Recommendation Engine (ARE) configured for recommending actions that can be taken to improve a state of the whole network.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for analyzing one or more root causes of service degradation events in a network or other environment. A method, according to one implementation, includes a step of monitoring a plurality of overlying services offered in an underlying infrastructure having a plurality of resources arranged with a specific topology. In response to detecting a negative impact on the overlying services during a predetermined time window and based on an understanding of the specific topology, the method further includes the step of identifying suspect components from the plurality of resources in the underlying infrastructure. The method also includes the step of obtaining status information with respect to the suspect components to determine a root cause of the negative impact on the overlying services.

Abstract: A Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system comprises a memory configured to store LIDAR measurement data obtained by the LIDAR system representative of a three-dimensional (3D) space in a field of view of the LIDAR system and signal processing circuitry. The signal processing circuitry is and configured to convert the LIDAR measurement data to a voxel characteristic of voxels of the 3D space, process and adjust a voxel characteristic of a first voxel of the 3D space using a voxel characteristic of other voxels within a specified distance of the first voxel in the 3D space, continue to process and adjust the voxel characteristics of all voxels in the 3D space, and generate an indication of presence of an object in the field of view according to the adjusted voxel characteristics.

Abstract: Methods for purification and extraction of GM1 ganglioside from cells derived from sheep afflicted with GM1 gangliosidosis or from cells derived from human patients with GM1 gangliosidosis as stable and renewable sources of GM1.

Abstract: Methods for purification and extraction of GM1 ganglioside from cells derived from sheep afflicted with GM1 gangliosidosis or from cells derived from human patients with GM1 gangliosidosis as stable and renewable sources of GM1.

Abstract: An in situ desalination apparatus comprising a reverse osmosis unit (15) having a reverse osmosis medium, the reverse osmosis unit in use to be located within a body of water under ambient bio-physico-chemical conditions often different from those at the surface, the unit having an inlet (17) opening to one side of the reverse osmosis medium, in use the inlet to be located below the upper surface of a body of water, the unit having a concentrate outlet (25) opening to the one side of the reverse osmosis medium and opening into the exterior of the unit at a position spaced below the inlet to return concentrate into the water body, the unit having a permeate outlet (27) opening to the other side of the reverse osmosis medium, the permeate outlet communicating with a delivery line extending from the body of water, a pump (23) between body of water and the reverse osmosis unit and adapted to pressurize the water located at the one side of the reverse osmosis medium.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing software performance testing. The results of a test may be determined valid if the test reached a defined test criteria after performing N number of iterations. If the test has not reached the defined test criteria and if N is less than a maximum value, one may be added to N and additional iteration of the test may be performed until the test reaches the defined test criteria or until N reaches the maximum value. If the test reaches the defined test criteria after any additional iteration of the test before N reaches the maximum value, the results of the test may be deemed valid. Moreover, if the test reached the defined test criteria with an outlier removed from the results, the results of the test may be deemed valid. Otherwise, the results of the test may be deemed invalid.

Abstract: An in situ desalination apparatus comprising a reverse osmosis unit (15) having a reverse osmosis medium, the reverse osmosis unit in use to be located within a body of water under ambient bio-physico-chemical conditions often different from those at the surface, the unit having an inlet (17) opening to one side of the reverse osmosis medium, in use the inlet to be located below the upper surface of a body of water, the unit having a concentrate outlet (25) opening to the one side of the reverse osmosis medium and opening into the exterior of the unit at a position spaced below the inlet to return concentrate into the water body, the unit having a permeate outlet (27) opening to the other side of the reverse osmosis medium, the permeate outlet communicating with a delivery line extending from the body of water, a pump (23) between body of water and the reverse osmosis unit and adapted to pressurise the water located at the one side of the reverse osmosis medium.

Abstract: This invention relates to nicotinamide derivatives of general formula (I): in which R1, Z and R2 have the meanings defined herein, and to processes for the preparation of, intermediates used in the preparation of, compositions containing and the uses of such derivatives.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) herein comprising reacting a compound of formula (II), (III), (IV) or (V) in the presence of ?OR3 and a hydroxide trapping agent or in the case of compounds of formula (IV) reacting in the presence of an auxiliary base and a hydroxide trapping agent ( i.e. ?OR3 is substituted by the auxiliary base), wherein X is a leaving group and R1 to R4 are as defined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula (I): where Q is a group of formula: These compounds inhibit cyclic guanosine 3?,5?-monophosphate phosphodiesterases (cGMP PDEs). More notably, the compounds are potent and selective inhibitors of the type 5 cyclic guanosine 3?,5?-monophosphate phosphodiesterases and have utility therefore in a variety of therapeutic areas. In particular, the present compounds are of value for the curative or prophylactic treatment of mammalian sexual disorders.

Abstract: This invention relates to nicotinamide derivatives of general formula (I): in which R1, Z and R2 have the meanings defined herein, and to processes for the preparation of, intermediates used in the preparation of, compositions containing and the uses of such derivatives.