Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to non-invasive bladder cancer detection systems and methods. In an embodiment, a method for detecting a disease state in a subject is included. The method includes obtaining a liquid biological sample from the subject and placing it into a container and contacting the liquid biological sample with a first chemical sensor element, where the first chemical sensor element can include a plurality of discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of each of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a first sample data set. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: An example introducer is disclosed. An example introducer sheath includes a tubular member including a first layer and a second layer and a stent disposed between the first layer and the second layer of the tubular member. The stent includes an outer surface and an inner surface. Additionally, the stent is configured to shift from a first configuration to a second expanded configuration and the outer surface of the stent contacts the first layer of the tubular member in the second expanded configuration.

Abstract: An example introducer is disclosed. An example introducer sheath includes a tubular member including a first layer and a second layer and a stent disposed between the first layer and the second layer of the tubular member. The stent includes an outer surface and an inner surface. Additionally, the stent is configured to shift from a first configuration to a second expanded configuration and the outer surface of the stent contacts the first layer of the tubular member in the second expanded configuration.