Abstract: A tugger cart system used in an industrial setting, including a tugger cart and a controller. The tugger cart includes a tugger frame, a bay that is dimensioned to receive a rider cart, a platform configured to secure a rider cart within the bay, and at least one motor that pivots a plurality of wheels from side to side to steer the plurality of wheels. The tugger frame further includes a connector bracket that pivots from side to side along a vertical axis. The connector bracket is configured to attach the tugger frame to an adjacent tugger cart or tugger truck. A sensor system senses a degree that the connector bracket is pivoted relative to the tugger frame and generates an electronic signal. The controller receives the electronic signal from the sensor system and controls the motor to steer the plurality of wheels based on the electronic signal.

Abstract: A device for transforming refuse into compost according to a cycle of operation has a cabinet, a first chamber, a first reducing mechanism in the hopper, a transfer mechanism disposed in a conduit from the first chamber to an outlet, a motor beneath the first chamber and the transfer mechanism, a container beneath the outlet to receive ground refuse from the outlet, wherein the container is accessible from outside the cabinet, and a cleaning mechanism operative to clean the first chamber.

Abstract: A device for transforming refuse into compost according to a cycle of operation has a cabinet, a hopper, a first reducing mechanism in the hopper, a first heating element coupled to the hopper, a transfer mechanism disposed in a conduit from the hopper to an outlet, a motor beneath the hopper and the transfer mechanism, a container removably mounted in the cabinet and beneath the outlet, a second reducing mechanism in the container, and a second heating element coupled to the container.

Abstract: A device for transforming refuse into compost according to a cycle of operation has a cabinet, a hopper, a first reducing mechanism in the hopper, a first heating element coupled to the hopper, a transfer mechanism disposed in a conduit from the hopper to an outlet, a motor beneath the hopper and the transfer mechanism, a container removably mounted in the cabinet and beneath the outlet, a second reducing mechanism in the container, and a second heating element coupled to the container.

Abstract: A method of validating connection data for a node of a telephone network involves processing a report file for terminal pairs at a network node. The records in the report file are divided into three categories in dependence on the nature of the information in each record. A network status database is then updated with the report data category by category. Circuit IDs in the network status database that are deleted by updating in respect of records belonging to other then the last processed category are recorded against a record in the network status database corresponding to a record in the last processed category. Circuit IDs in the network status database that are deleted by updating in respect of last-processed category records are logged to provide a list of circuit IDs for which further investigation is required.

Abstract: A process for removal of undesirable conductive material (e.g., catalyst material and seeped circuit material) on a circuitized substrate and the resultant circuitized substrates disclosed. Such process and resultant circuit effectively address the electrical shorting problems caused by nonremoval of the residual catalyst material and circuit material which has seeped under the residual catalyst material. The process includes the steps of: a) providing a catalyst layer (e.g., palladium and tin) having circuit pattern (e.g., copper) thereon; b) pretreating the catalyst layer and the circuit pattern (e.g., with a cyanide dip) for removal of undesirable portions of each which cause electrical leakage between circuit lines of the circuit pattern; c) oxidizing the catalyst layer and the circuit pattern (e.g.

Abstract: A method for planarizing an exposed metal surface on a substrate is provided in which surface irregularities are eliminated. A photoresist layer is first removed from the substrate. Then a conformal planarizing head is placed in contact with the metal surface while chemical etchant essentially free of abrasives is supplied to an interface between the metal substrate and the planarizing head. The surface is then planarized until it is free of irregularties.

Abstract: A process for removal of undesirable conductive material (e.g., catalyst material and seeped circuit material) on a circuitized substrate and the resultant circuitized substrates disclosed. Such process and resultant circuit effectively address the electrical shorting problems caused by nonremoval of the residual catalyst material and circuit material which has seeped under the residual catalyst material. The process includes the steps of: a) providing a catalyst layer (e.g., palladium and tin) having circuit pattern (e.g., copper) thereon; b) pretreating the catalyst layer and the circuit pattern (e.g., with a cyanide dip) for removal of undesirable portions of each which cause electrical leakage between circuit lines of the circuit pattern; c) oxidizing the catalyst layer and the circuit pattern (e.g.