Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Present embodiments include steps and system components for establishing geographic zones determined by population, terrain, terrain composition, water table, and other factors, in terms of the propensity within the zone for generating wastewater and the effect of the generated wastewater on combined sewer system capacity. Such steps and system components include the application of an algorithm for generating and transmitting permissions packets to consumer and industrial users of wastewater-generating appliances and machines, whereby a permission packet notifies such users of the need to discontinue wastewater-generating activities.

Abstract: An automated plasma cutting system is provided that includes a positioning system mounted to a support, an automated plasma arc torch mounted to the positioning system, and at least one power supply operatively connected to the automated plasma arc torch. The power supply may provide electrical power and fluid flow to the automated plasma arc torch for operation. The system further includes a controller in communication with the automated plasma arc torch and the power supply, and an auxiliary plasma arc torch operatively connected to the power supply, wherein the power supply provides electrical power and fluid flow to both the automated plasma arc torch and the auxiliary plasma arc torch. The automated plasma arc torch may process the workpiece to generate a set of features, while the auxiliary plasma arc torch may process/cut a residual framework of the workpiece remaining after formation of the set of features.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: The invention relates to porous granular calcium phosphate osteoinductive materials, particularly materials useful in body tissue repair, principally bone repair and bone replacement, and also to the use of such materials and to a method of making such materials. Exemplary materials comprise discrete porous granules each containing crystals of at least one calcium phosphate, wherein (i) at least 90% of said crystals of the granules have a crystal size in the range 10-100 nm, (ii) at least 90% of the pores in the granules have a pore size in the range 10-500 nm, (iii) the average pore size of the pores having pore size in the range 10-500 nm in the granules is in the range 30-90 nm, (iv) the total volume porosity of the granules is at least 50%, and (v) the surface area of the granules is in the range 10-70 m2/g.

Abstract: The bone graft system comprises a solid inorganic component, which is bone graft material, and a hydrogel. The hydrogel contains >2 ppm of silicon ions, calculated as parts by weight of Si per million of the aqueous component of the hydrogel. Preferably, the solid inorganic component comprises hydroxyapatite or a silicon-containing hydroxyapatite, and may be a silicon-containing hydroxyapatite having a Ca/P ratio in the range 2.05 to 2.55 and a Ca/(P+Si) molar ratio less than 1.66. Bone healing is promoted by delivery of silicon ion release from the hydrogel and by the solid inorganic component stimulating cell behavior.

Abstract: An automated plasma cutting system is provided that includes a positioning system mounted to a support, an automated plasma arc torch mounted to the positioning system, and at least one power supply operatively connected to the automated plasma arc torch. The power supply may provide electrical power and fluid flow to the automated plasma arc torch for operation. The system further includes a controller in communication with the automated plasma arc torch and the power supply, and an auxiliary plasma arc torch operatively connected to the power supply, wherein the power supply provides electrical power and fluid flow to both the automated plasma arc torch and the auxiliary plasma arc torch. The automated plasma arc torch may process the workpiece to generate a set of features, while the auxiliary plasma arc torch may process/cut a residual framework of the workpiece remaining after formation of the set of features.

Abstract: Access to resources in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. A group of users is defined within the cloud computing environment. A first name is assigned to the group. At least one subgroup of users is defined from within the group. A second name is assigned to the at least one subgroup. The second name follows a hierarchical naming structure of the form/group/subgroup.

Abstract: Billing usage of a cloud computing environment is described. Usage is metered of one or more resources within the cloud computing environment by one or more users. The one or more users may be associated with at least one entity. The metered usage of one or more cloud resources is converted to a revenue-generating value. The revenue-generating value is billed to the at least one entity associated with the one or more users. Revenue is collected from the at least one entity for the metered usage of one or more cloud resources. The collected revenue is shared with a plurality of parties.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: An action is performed on an object in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes. A policy path is determined from at least one permission within a policy of a customer. A first delegation path is determined from within the determined policy path. The first delegation path is directed to at least one object permission for the object upon which the action is to be performed. An authorized user is assigned from a second delegation path from within the determined policy path. The second delegation path is directed to at least one user permission for the action to be performed.

Abstract: An authorizing entity is allowed to grant permission to a subject to perform an action on an object in a cloud computing environment. An authorizer is defined as the entity having granting authority to delegate a predetermined permission. A subject is defined as a group to whom the permission is being delegated. An object is defined upon which an action is authorized within the cloud computing environment. The action being authorized in the cloud computing environment is defined. Members of the subject group are authorized to perform the permitted action on the object.

Abstract: A cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. The plurality of computing nodes may be organized into a plurality of clusters, each of the plurality of clusters including a cluster controller. A virtual computing environment is created on each of the plurality of computing nodes. Communication with the virtual computing environment is enabled. An authorization to service a launch plan is received from a user. The launch plan includes at least one instance to launch. Bandwidth information is requested from each of the cluster controllers of the plurality of clusters. A score is computed for each of the plurality of clusters that responded to the requested bandwidth information. The launch plan is assigned to a cluster from the plurality of clusters based on the computed scores.