Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making, comprising: exposing a raw material having a first viscosity to a first pressure and a first temperature such that the raw material after the exposure has a second viscosity, wherein the raw material comprises particles comprising at least one electrically conductive material, and wherein the second viscosity is sufficiently low for the raw material to be adapted for a hydrodynamic cavitation process; and subjecting the raw material having the second viscosity to the hydrodynamic cavitation process to make a product material having a third viscosity. Apparatus employed to apply the method and the exemplary compositions made in accordance with the method are also provided.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making, comprising: exposing a raw material having a first viscosity to a first pressure and a first temperature such that the raw material after the exposure has a second viscosity, wherein the raw material comprises particles comprising at least one electrically conductive material, and wherein the second viscosity is sufficiently low for the raw material to be adapted for a hydrodynamic cavitation process; and subjecting the raw material having the second viscosity to the hydrodynamic cavitation process to make a product material having a third viscosity. Apparatus employed to apply the method and the exemplary compositions made in accordance with the method are also provided.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making, comprising: exposing a raw material having a first viscosity to a first pressure and a first temperature such that the raw material after the exposure has a second viscosity, wherein the raw material comprises particles comprising at least one electrically conductive material, and wherein the second viscosity is sufficiently low for the raw material to be adapted for a hydrodynamic cavitation process; and subjecting the raw material having the second viscosity to the hydrodynamic cavitation process to make a product material having a third viscosity. Apparatus employed to apply the method and the exemplary compositions made in accordance with the method are also provided.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making paste for solar cells. The method can include forcing silver through a feed tube coupled to a hydrodynamic cavitation chamber using an air-driven piston. The method can include subjecting the silver to hydrodynamic cavitation in the hydrodynamic cavitation chamber by using a hydraulic pump to pass the silver sequentially through a primary orifice, a secondary orifice, and a final orifice within the hydrodynamic cavitation chamber to produce the paste for the solar cells. The silver can include up to three unique silver powders having a total particle size distribution from 0.1 microns to 10 microns. A first silver powder can have a first average particle size of 1.5 um, a second silver powder having a second average particle size of 0.5 um, and a third silver powder having a third average particle size of 0.2 um.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making paste for solar cells. The method can include forcing silver through a feed tube coupled to a hydrodynamic cavitation chamber using an air-driven piston. The method can include subjecting the silver to hydrodynamic cavitation in the hydrodynamic cavitation chamber by using a hydraulic pump to pass the silver sequentially through a primary orifice, a secondary orifice, and a final orifice within the hydrodynamic cavitation chamber to produce the paste for the solar cells. The silver can include up to three unique silver powders having a total particle size distribution from 0.1 microns to 10 microns. A first silver powder can have a first average particle size of 1.5 um, a second silver powder having a second average particle size of 0.5 um, and a third silver powder having a third average particle size of 0.2 um.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a deformable, implantable subcutaneous port for anchoring a transcutaneous treatment component. A port body portion having a normal area port footprint is adapted by means of a port orifice for receiving and anchoring the transcutaneous treatment component beneath the point of entry into the physiology of a patient and for routing the transcutaneous treatment component. The port body portion is produced from a deformable material and has structure and/or composition that provides deformability characteristics of the port such that collapsing, folding, stretching, elongating and/or twisting the port body portion into a modified port shape having a reduced-size port profile enables removal of the port body portion from the physiology of a patient through a relatively small transcutaneous opening.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making, comprising: exposing a raw material having a first viscosity to a first pressure and a first temperature such that the raw material after the exposure has a second viscosity, wherein the raw material comprises particles comprising at least one electrically conductive material, and wherein the second viscosity is sufficiently low for the raw material to be adapted for a hydrodynamic cavitation process; and subjecting the raw material having the second viscosity to the hydrodynamic cavitation process to make a product material having a third viscosity. Apparatus employed to apply the method and the exemplary compositions made in accordance with the method are also provided.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making, comprising: exposing a raw material having a first viscosity to a first pressure and a first temperature such that the raw material after the exposure has a second viscosity, wherein the raw material comprises particles comprising at least one electrically conductive material, and wherein the second viscosity is sufficiently low for the raw material to be adapted for a hydrodynamic cavitation process; and subjecting the raw material having the second viscosity to the hydrodynamic cavitation process to make a product material having a third viscosity. Apparatus employed to apply the method and the exemplary compositions made in accordance with the method are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is an implantable medical device that is used deliver materials or energy into a patient's physiology, or from one region of a patient's physiology to another. The device includes a port element with a passageway therethrough for directing and anchoring a conduit element in a desired location. The implantable port stabilizes an elongated conduit within human physiology for long-term use, and includes a support passageway formed through the port and extending between an upper surface and a lower surface of the port, wherein the support passageway is sized and shaped for receiving the elongated conduit slideably inserted therethrough. The device includes a tissue ingrowth scaffold fixedly disposed on at least a portion of at least one surface of the implantable port for positioning in contact with adjacent tissue.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a deformable, implantable subcutaneous port for anchoring a transcutaneous treatment component. A port body portion having a normal area port footprint is adapted by means of a port orifice for receiving and anchoring the transcutaneous treatment component beneath the point of entry into the physiology of a patient and for routing the transcutaneous treatment component. The port body portion is produced from a deformable material and has structure and/or composition that provides deformability characteristics of the port such that collapsing, folding, stretching, elongating and/or twisting the port body portion into a modified port shape having a reduced-size port profile enables removal of the port body portion from the physiology of a patient through a relatively small transcutaneous opening.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making, comprising: exposing a raw material having a first viscosity to a first pressure and a first temperature such that the raw material after the exposure has a second viscosity, wherein the raw material comprises particles comprising at least one electrically conductive material, and wherein the second viscosity is sufficiently low for the raw material to be adapted for a hydrodynamic cavitation process; and subjecting the raw material having the second viscosity to the hydrodynamic cavitation process to make a product material having a third viscosity. Apparatus employed to apply the method and the exemplary compositions made in accordance with the method are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an implantable subcutaneous port for anchoring a transcutaneous treatment component. The implantable subcutaneous port comprises a body portion and one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion. The body portion is adapted for receiving the transcutaneous treatment component beneath the point of entry into the physiology of a patient and routing the transcutaneous treatment component. The body portion is produced from a deformable material and has an area footprint and defines a support wall through which the transcutaneous treatment component enters the body portion. Fracturing the one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion enables removal of the body portion from the physiology of a patient through a transcutaneous opening defining an area of less than thirty percent of the area footprint of the body portion.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of making, comprising: exposing a raw material having a first viscosity to a first pressure and a first temperature such that the raw material after the exposure has a second viscosity, wherein the raw material comprises particles comprising at least one electrically conductive material, and wherein the second viscosity is sufficiently low for the raw material to be adapted for a hydrodynamic cavitation process; and subjecting the raw material having the second viscosity to the hydrodynamic cavitation process to make a product material having a third viscosity. Apparatus employed to apply the method and the exemplary compositions made in accordance with the method are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an implantable subcutaneous port for anchoring a transcutaneous treatment component. The implantable subcutaneous port comprises a body portion and one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion. The body portion is adapted for receiving the transcutaneous treatment component beneath the point of entry into the physiology of a patient and routing the transcutaneous treatment component. The body portion is produced from a deformable material and has an area footprint and defines a support wall through which the transcutaneous treatment component enters the body portion. Fracturing the one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion enables removal of the body portion from the physiology of a patient through a transcutaneous opening defining an area of less than thirty percent of the area footprint of the body portion.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an implantable subcutaneous port for anchoring a transcutaneous treatment component. The implantable subcutaneous port comprises a body portion and one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion. The body portion is adapted for receiving the transcutaneous treatment component beneath the point of entry into the physiology of a patient and routing the transcutaneous treatment component. The body portion is produced from a deformable material and has an area footprint and defines a support wall through which the transcutaneous treatment component enters the body portion. Fracturing the one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion enables removal of the body portion from the physiology of a patient through a transcutaneous opening defining an area of less than thirty percent of the area footprint of the body portion.

Abstract: The present invention is an implantable medical device that is used deliver materials or energy into a patient's physiology, or from one region of a patient's physiology to another. The device includes a port element with a passageway therethrough for directing and anchoring a conduit element in a desired location. The implantable port stabilizes an elongated conduit within human physiology for long-term use, and includes a support passageway formed through the port and extending between an upper surface and a lower surface of the port, wherein the support passageway is sized and shaped for receiving the elongated conduit slideably inserted therethrough. The device includes a tissue ingrowth scaffold fixedly disposed on at least a portion of at least one surface of the implantable port for positioning in contact with adjacent tissue.

Abstract: The present invention is a modular implantable medical device that is used deliver materials or energy into a patient's physiology, or from one region of a patient's physiology to another. The device includes a port element with a passageway therethrough for directing and anchoring a conduit element in a desired location. Both elements can be adjusted during placement to maximize the safety, comfort, and efficacy of use. In one embodiment, the port element is comprised of two components such that the passage way is formed after the components are assembled. This modularity enables a large diameter section of the conduit to be advanced past the port location, and the port to be assembled about a smaller proximal section of the conduit, thereby establishing full contact between the port and conduit elements to anchor the device in an optimal position.

Abstract: The present invention is a self-contained, high-energy liquid rock-boring system that will bore a small-diameter access hole [5] several hundred meters through hard granite and other obstacles within minutes of deployment. It employs a land unit [100] platform subsystem [1000] with an energetic fluid fuel reservoir [1300] and a boring subsystem [3000] having a plurality of pulsejets [3100]. Each pulsejet [3100] repeatedly ignites the energetic fluid [7] causing a plurality of rapidly-expanding gas bubbles [3250] which create and force a plurality liquid slugs [10] ahead of them rapidly out through a nozzle [3260] causing the slugs [10] to impact against materials ahead of the nozzles [3260], boring an access hole [5]. The system also employs an umbilical subsystem [2000] connecting the boring [3000] and the platform subsystems [1000]. The system can be used to rapidly bore an access hole [5] to provide air and resources to trapped miners.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an implantable subcutaneous port for anchoring a transcutaneous treatment component. The implantable subcutaneous port comprises a body portion and one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion. The body portion is adapted for receiving the transcutaneous treatment component beneath the point of entry into the physiology of a patient and routing the transcutaneous treatment component. The body portion is produced from a deformable material and has an area footprint and defines a support wall through which the transcutaneous treatment component enters the body portion. Fracturing the one or more frangible lines formed within the body portion enables removal of the body portion from the physiology of a patient through a transcutaneous opening defining an area of less than thirty percent of the area footprint of the body portion.

Abstract: The present invention is a modular implantable medical device that is used deliver materials or energy into a patient's physiology, or from one region of a patient's physiology to another. The device includes a port element with a passageway therethrough for directing and anchoring a conduit element in a desired location. Both elements can be adjusted during placement to maximize the safety, comfort, and efficacy of use. In one embodiment, the port element is comprised of two components such that the passage way is formed after the components are assembled. This modularity enables a large diameter section of the conduit to be advanced past the port location, and the port to be assembled about a smaller proximal section of the conduit, thereby establishing full contact between the port and conduit elements to anchor the device in an optimal position.