Abstract: A method of removing heat from an electrical machine located in a gas turbine engine at least partially inward of a core airflow path in a radial direction, the electrical machine including an outer generator stator and an inner generator rotor is provided. The method includes directing cooling airflow radially through an airflow passageway to an enclosure at least partially defined by a thermal shield at least partially around the electrical machine. The cooling airflow is directed radially inward past the outer generator stator and toward the inner generator rotor using a cooling manifold thereby removing heat from the generator rotor.

Abstract: Methods of pre-heating a test vessel prior to transfer of the test vessel to an incubator may shorten an incubation cycle, ensure proper temperature of a test specimen in the test vessel, and/or improve testing accuracy and/or throughput in a bio-liquid specimen testing apparatus. The methods include providing a test vessel pre-heating apparatus having a receptacle sized to receive a test vessel therein and having at least one heating unit configured to heat by direct conduction at least one side of the test vessel. The methods also include heating at least one side of the test vessel via direct contact using the at least one heating unit. Specimen testing apparatus and test vessel pre-heating apparatus configured to carry out the method are described, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A method of removing heat from an electrical machine located in a gas turbine engine at least partially inward of a core airflow path in a radial direction, the electrical machine including an outer generator stator and an inner generator rotor is provided. The method includes directing cooling airflow radially through an airflow passageway to an enclosure at least partially defined by a thermal shield at least partially around the electrical machine. The cooling airflow is directed radially inward past the outer generator stator and toward the inner generator rotor using a cooling manifold thereby removing heat from the generator rotor.

Abstract: Methods of pre-heating a test vessel prior to transfer of the test vessell to an incubator may shorten an incubation cycle, ensure proper temperature of a test specimen in the test vessel, and/or improve testing accuracy and/or throughput in a bio-liquid specimen testing apparatus. The methods include providing a test vessel pre-heating apparatus having a receptacle sized to receive a test vessel therein and having at least one heating unit configured to heat by direct conduction at least one side of the test vessel. The methods also include heating at least one side of the test vessel via direct contact using the at least one heating unit. Specimen testing apparatus and test vessel pre-heating apparatus configured to carry out the method are described, as are other aspects.

Abstract: Apparatuses, components, methods, and systems for interrogating samples are provided. An example system includes a flow cell. An example flow cell includes an aperture, an inlet chamber, and a sample injector positioned within the inlet chamber. An example sample injector is configured to generate a sample stream that flows in biased proximity to a profile included in the inlet chamber. An example method includes the steps of causing sheath fluid to flow into an inlet chamber and through an aperture, injecting sample into an inlet chamber with a sample injector to form a sample stream that is entrained in the sheath fluid, and interrogating the sample stream as the sample stream passes through an interrogation region within the aperture. An example sample injector includes an outlet that is disposed in an off-center position within the inlet chamber.

Abstract: Apparatuses, components, methods, and systems for interrogating samples are provided. An example system includes a flow cell. An example flow cell includes an aperture, an inlet chamber, and a sample injector positioned within the inlet chamber. An example sample injector is configured to generate a sample stream that flows in biased proximity to a profile included in the inlet chamber. An example method includes the steps of causing sheath fluid to flow into an inlet chamber and through an aperture, injecting sample into an inlet chamber with a sample injector to form a sample stream that is entrained in the sheath fluid, and interrogating the sample stream as the sample stream passes through an interrogation region within the aperture. An example sample injector includes an outlet that is disposed in an off-center position within the inlet chamber.

Abstract: A fluid ejecting device and method of forming same are provided. The fluid ejecting device includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface located opposite the first surface. A nozzle plate is formed over the first surface of the substrate. The nozzle plate has a nozzle through which fluid is ejected. A drop forming mechanism is situated at the periphery of the nozzle. A fluid chamber is in fluid communication with the nozzle and has a first wall and a second wall with the first wall and the second wall being positioned at an angle relative to each other. A fluid delivery channel is formed in the substrate and extends from the second surface of the substrate to the fluid chamber. The fluid delivery channel is in fluid communication with the fluid chamber. A source of fluid impedance comprises a physical structure located between the nozzle and the fluid delivery channel.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device, a method of cleaning the device, and a method of operating the device are provided. The device includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface located opposite the first surface. A nozzle plate is formed over the first surface of the substrate and has a nozzle through which fluid is ejected. A drop forming mechanism is situated at the periphery of the nozzle. A fluid chamber is in fluid communication with the nozzle and has a first wall and a second wall. The first wall and the second wall are positioned at an angle other than 90° relative to each other. A fluid delivery channel is formed in the substrate and extends from the second surface of the substrate to the fluid chamber. The fluid delivery channel is in fluid communication with the fluid chamber.

Abstract: A method of etching a substrate and an article(s) formed using the method are provided. The method includes providing a substrate; coating a region of the substrate with a temporary material having properties that enable the temporary material to remain substantially intact during subsequent processing and enable the temporary material to be removed by a subsequent process that allows the substrate to remain substantially unaltered; removing a portion of the substrate to form a feature, at least some of the removed portion of the substrate overlapping at least a portion of the coated region of the substrate while allowing the temporary material substantially intact; and removing the temporary material while allowing the substrate to remain substantially unaltered.

Abstract: A fluid ejecting device and method of forming same are provided. The fluid ejecting device includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface located opposite the first surface. A nozzle plate is formed over the first surface of the substrate. The nozzle plate has a nozzle through which fluid is ejected. A drop forming mechanism is situated at the periphery of the nozzle. A fluid chamber is in fluid communication with the nozzle and has a first wall and a second wall with the first wall and the second wall being positioned at an angle relative to each other. A fluid delivery channel is formed in the substrate and extends from the second surface of the substrate to the fluid chamber. The fluid delivery channel is in fluid communication with the fluid chamber. A source of fluid impedance comprises a physical structure located between the nozzle and the fluid delivery channel.

Abstract: A liquid drop emitter, a method of mixing a liquid, and a method of printing are provided. The liquid emitter includes a structure defining a chamber adapted to provide a liquid having an orifice through which a drop of the liquid can be emitted. A drop forming mechanism is operatively associated with the chamber. A mixing mechanism is associated with the chamber and is operable to create a surface tension gradient on the liquid provided by the chamber such that the liquid flows without being emitted from the chamber.

Abstract: A heater is provided. The heater includes a first material having a circular form and a first sheet resistivity. The first material has a first radius of curvature. The heater also includes a second material having a circular form and a second sheet resistivity. The second material is positioned adjacent to the first material and has a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature and the first sheet resistivity is less than the second sheet resistivity.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling temperature profiles in ejection mechanisms is provided. A heater includes a first resistor segment having an electrical resistivity, a second resistor segment; and a coupling segment positioned between the first resistor segment and the second resistor segment. The coupling segment has an electrical resistivity, wherein the ratio of the resistivity of the coupling segment to the resistivity of the first resistor segment is substantially zero. Alternatively, the first resistor segment has an electrical conductivity and the coupling segment has an electrical conductivity, wherein the electrical conductivity of the coupling segment is greater than the electrical conductivity of the first resistor segment.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of operating a thermal actuator for a micromechanical device, especially a liquid drop emitter such as an ink jet printhead, is disclosed. The disclosed thermal actuator comprises a base element and a cantilevered element including a thermo-mechanical bender portion extending from the base element to a free end tip. The thermo-mechanical bender portion includes a barrier layer constructed of a dielectric material having low thermal conductivity, a first deflector layer constructed of a first electrically resistive material having a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and a second deflector layer constructed of a second electrically resistive material having a large coefficient of thermal expansion wherein the barrier layer is bonded between the first and second deflector layers.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of operating a thermal actuator for a micromechanical device, especially a liquid drop emitter such as an ink jet printhead, is disclosed. The disclosed thermal actuator comprises a base element and a cantilevered element including a thermo-mechanical bender portion extending from the base element to a free end tip. The thermo-mechanical bender portion includes a barrier layer constructed of a dielectric material having low thermal conductivity, a first deflector layer constructed of a first electrically resistive material having a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and a second deflector layer constructed of a second electrically resistive material having a large coefficient of thermal expansion wherein the barrier layer is bonded between the first and second deflector layers.