Abstract: A method for treating coal to reduce spontaneous combustion by reducing an exothermic heat of adsorption after the coal has begun to dry and when the coal is subsequently exposed to a liquid water is described. A source of a fluid pressure of a diluted hydrocarbon mixture is provided. A hydrocarbon in the mixture is a hydrocarbon emulsion of mineral when the coal is subsequently exposed to a liquid water oil, fuel oil, asphalt, or coal tar emulsions. A volume of the diluted hydrocarbon mixture is applied to a stream of freshly-mined and undried coal to provide a water-proofing of the coal to prevent water uptake after exposure to precipitation or flooding during transport and storage of the coal. The treated coal is loaded into a bulk pile. A temperature change trend in the bulk pile is reversed wherein a temperature of the bulk pile trends towards an ambient temperature rather than trending to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and for maximizing the mass of compressed gas dispensed into a gas storage cylinder is disclosed. Pressure and temperature transducers are provided as a part of the apparatus to emit data signals to a control processor of the pressure and temperature of a supply of compressed gas delivered to a gas dispenser, as well as the ambient temperature at the dispenser and the pressure of the compressed gas within the cylinder, respectively. A mass flow meter is also provided for emitting a data signal to the control processor of the mass of compressed gas injected into the storage cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and for maximizing the mass of compressed gas dispensed into a gas storage cylinder is disclosed. Pressure and temperature transducers are provided as a part of the apparatus to emit data signals to a control processor of the pressure and temperature of a supply of compressed gas delivered to a gas dispenser, as well as the ambient temperature at the dispenser and the pressure of the compressed gas within the cylinder, respectively. A mass flow meter is also provided for emitting a data signal to the control processor of the mass of compressed gas injected into the storage cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing natural gas into the natural gas vehicle cylinder of a motor vehicle is disclosed. The natural gas dispensing system includes a pressure transducer and a temperature transducer for measuring the pressure and temperature, respectively, of the supply gas as it is passed toward a dispenser, a second pressure transducer for measuring the pressure within the natural gas vehicle cylinder, an ambient air temperature transducer for measuring ambient air temperatures at the dispensing site, and a mass flow meter for measuring the gas mass injected into the vehicle cylinder. Each transducer and the mass flow meter emits a data signal to a control processor which automatically dispenses compressed gas to the vehicle cylinder, as well as maximizing the amount of gas mass injected into the cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing natural gas into the natural gas vehicle cylinder of a motor vehicle is disclosed. The natural gas dispensing system includes a pressure transducer and a temperature transducer for measuring the pressure and temperature, respectively, of the supply gas as it is passed toward a dispenser, a second pressure transducer for measuring the pressure within the natural gas vehicle cylinder, an ambient air temperature transducer for measuring ambient air temperatures at the dispensing site, and a mass flow meter for measuring the gas mass injected into the vehicle cylinder. Each transducer and the mass flow meter emits a data signal to a control processor which automatically dispenses compressed gas to the vehicle cylinder, as well as maximizing the amount of gas mass injected into the cylinder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing natural gas into the natural gas vehicle cylinder of a motor vehicle is disclosed. The natural gas dispensing system includes a pressure transducer and a temperature transducer for measuring the pressure and temperature, respectively, of the supply gas as it is passed toward a dispenser, a second pressure transducer for measuring the pressure within the natural gas vehicle cylinder, an ambient air temperature transducer for measuring ambient air temperatures at the dispensing site, and a mass flow meter for measuring the gas mass injected into the vehicle cylinder. Each transducer and the mass flow meter emits a data signal to a control processor which automatically dispenses compressed gas to the vehicle cylinder, as well as maximizing the amount of gas mass injected into the cylinder.

Abstract: A method and system for charging a container with a pressurized gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel is transferred from a gas supply through a heat exchanger to a fueling dispenser. The gaseous fuel is cooled as a function of one or both of a fueling station pressure availability or a container pressure rating. This method and system ensure that a pressurized gas cylinder can be completely charged regardless of the ambient temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and system for the fast-filling of cylinders for natural gas powered vehicles, employing a simplified physical arrangement and an improved control method to obtain maximum safe filling of the cylinders, which takes into account the presence of residual gas in the cylinders.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the fast-filling of cylinders for natural gas powered vehicles, employing a simplified physical arrangement and an improved control method to obtain maximum safe filling of the cylinders, which takes into account the presence of residual gas in the cylinders.

Abstract: A solar energy desalination process utilizing solar radiation directly for the evaporation of salt water is described. Ambient air takes on water vapor as the air passes through an evaporative medium. It is then directed between a saline water-covered, solar absorbing surface and a solar collecting housing. The resulting heated and moisture-saturated air is cooled in a heat exchange means where condensation of fresh water occurs. Simultaneously, cool salt water is utilized as the cooling water in the heat exchange means, and takes on the heat of condensation given up by the condensing vapor. The heated salt water from the heat exchange means is partially directed over the solar absorbing surface, and at least a portion of it is also directed to wet the evaporative medium. Several optional sub-processes are described for operation of the system during periods of reduced insolation, and an alternative process is described for operation of the process on a floating platform.