Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrolyte for use in very high voltage electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a mixture of an alkoxy-substituted alcohol, such as 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, or 2-butoxyethanol, and a long chain dicarboxylic acid, where the acid functional groups are separated by 34 carbons (referred to as “dimer acid”) or 54 carbons (referred to as “trimer acid”). The solution is then neutralized with ammonium hydroxide or other amine, such as ammonia, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diisopropylethylamine and N-methylimidazole.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a conductive electrolyte for use in high voltage electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a two solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and a polar organic cosolvent from the group of 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, hexyl alcohol, or di(ethylene glycol). Dissolved in this mixture is a combination of boric acid with either an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to thirteen (C8 to C13) or a very long chain dicarboxylic acid, where the acid functional groups are separated by 34 carbons (referred to as “dimer acid”). The solution is then neutralized with an amine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a conductive electrolyte for use in high voltage electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a two solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and a polar organic cosolvent. Dissolved in this mixture is a combination of: a high dielectric cosolvent, a long chain monocarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to thirteen (C8 to C13). The solution is then neutralized with an amine. A cathode depolarizer, or degassing agent may be added to reduce the amount of gas produced during capacitor life. Hypophosphorous acid may be added to enhance the life characteristics of the electrolyte. The water content may be adjusted with deionized water to achieve a Karl Fischer titration (water content) measurement of about 1.0% to about 8.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a high voltage, highly conductive electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a two solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and N-methylformamide; a combination of hypophosphorous acid, boric acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to twelve, such as azelaic, sebacic, or brassylic acid; an amine including ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, diethylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, or triethanolamine; and a nitro-substituted aromatic compound as a degassing agent, such as 3′-nitroacetophenone. Anhydrous ammonia may also be added to neutralize the solution.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a conductive electrolyte for use in high voltage electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a two solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and an alkoxy-substituted alcohol, such as 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, or 2-butoxyethanol. Dissolved in this mixture is a combination of acids including at least one straight chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to thirteen (C8 to C13) and a longer chain dicarboxylic acid, where the acid functional groups are separated by 34 carbons (referred to as “dimer acid”). As further additives, boric acid and hypophosphorous acid can be added, with the former providing corrosion inhibition in the finished capacitor, and the latter resulting in lower leakage currents and better voltage droop characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a conductive electrolyte for use in high voltage electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a two solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and di(ethylene glycol); a combination of boric acid with an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to thirteen, such as suberic, azelaic, sebacic, undecanedioic, dodecanedioic, or brassylic acid; a very long chain dicarboxylic acid, where the acid moieties are separated by 34 carbons; and a nitro-substituted aromatic compound as a degassing agent, such as 3-nitroacetophenone or 2-nitroanisole. This electrolyte is then titrated with a light amine such as ammonia, diethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, or triethylamine.

Abstract: The thermoelectric properties (resistivity, thermopower and thermal conductivity) of single crystals of the low-dimensional pentatelluride materials are disclosed. The pentatellurides are well suited for use in thermoelectric devices. In general, the pentatellurides include hafnium pentatelluride and zirconium pentatelluride, which can both be substituted with selective amounts of various metals, including titanium, selenium, and antimony.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a gelled electrolyte and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the gelled electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte gel according to the present invention is generated by the addition of a gelling agent, preferably D-mannitol, to a conventional electrolyte. The gelling agent of the present invention can be used in ethylene glycol based electrolyte systems with or without a polar organic cosolvent. Dissolved in this mixture is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to thirteen (C8 to C13) as the ionogen. In order to achieve the necessary electrolyte conductivity, an amine is added to adjust the electrolyte pH to within a range of 6-10. An amount of D-mannitol is added to the electrolyte to reach the final weight percent of 8-15% by weight of the total electrolyte mixture.