Abstract: The disclosure provides examples of multi-parallel processes that are used to measure strain fitness of genotypically different strains of a microorganism in one or more bioreactors and the selection of strains that have improved genotypes.

Abstract: An endoscopic imaging system including a rigid endoscope, a housing, a user input assembly, control circuitry, an actuator, and a position sensor. The endoscope defines a centrifugal bore and has a longitudinal axis, a proximal end portion, and a distal end portion. The endoscope includes a lens assembly positioned within the centrifugal bore. The housing of the device has an internal compartment and is securely coupled to the proximal end portion of the endoscope. Optical coupling for light is provided which allows for unlimited rotation and provides for improved image stability. The user input assembly receives user input controls corresponding to a selected rotational position of the endoscope. The control circuitry receives the user input controls and transmits them to the actuator, which controllably rotates the endoscope about the longitudinal axis of the endoscope in response to the user input controls.

Abstract: An electronic switch applies ground potential to the backgate of a MOS pass transistor when the transistor is in the off state and the switch is open, during normal conditions. When the transistor is switched to the on state and the switch is closed, the gate voltage is applied to the backgate of the pass transistor in order to reduce the threshold voltage and the on resistance. During an undershoot condition, the gate of the pass transistor is connected to the negative voltage applied to an input port and this voltage is also connected to the backgate of the pass transistor to prevent the pass transistor from being biased on or the parasitic NPN transistor from being biased on and transmitting the input glitch to the output.