Abstract: Channel electron multipliers, including microchannel plates, with alternating layers of deposited conductive and insulative material, the conductive material and insulative material having, at holes therethrough in registry, secondary emission coefficients respectively of greater than one and less than one.

Abstract: A gas-filled triode with an anode, a cathode, and a control electrode therebetween having trigger and corona portions defining gaps respectively with the anode and cathode. The triode detects energy falling upon the cathode and produces an amplified output corresponding thereto through the anode gap.

Abstract: An imaging tube in which an image, particularly in middle infrared, is guided onto a mosaic of electrically separate semiconductor elements, and in which energy then applied to the mosaic produces electrons with characteristics reflecting whether the portion of the mosaic from which they emanated had been struck by energy defining the image, the electrons produced then being gated in accordance with the characteristics; and in particular in which the mosaic is carried on a substrate through which the image is introduced to the tube.

Abstract: An imaging tube particularly useful in providing a visible image corresponding to an incident infrared image in which a reflective photocathode is used to provide an electron image corresponding to the infrared image, and in which the incident image rays and the ultimate image rays move along different directions.

Abstract: A microchannel plate with a plurality of microchannel portions, a portion in an amplifying direction from another portion having a lower surface zone resistance than the other, materials and circuitry being provided to permit controlled higher-temperature operation.

Abstract: A middle-infrared image intensifier including an image-forming microchannel plate, a thermionic emissive membrane in front of the microchannel plate, and a lens system to form a middle-infrared image on the membrane, whereby electrons emitted from the membrane are multiplied in channels of the microchannel plate.

Abstract: There is provided a device which will provide a trace or image or will store a trace or image. One microchannel plate in series with another selectively multiplies into the latter, which provides feedback into the former, selectively as permitted by suitable gates.

Abstract: A middle-infrared image intensifier including an image-forming microchannel plate having an input face with a photoconductor material that is activated by middle-infrared radiation, means for flooding electrons to a region adjacent to the input face of the photoconductor, an electron sensitive light emitting screen positioned to receive electrons from the output face of the microchannel plate, and means for activating the microchannel plate to multiply electrons in channels of the microchannel plate having middle-infrared radiation incident thereon.

Abstract: An optical device for viewing a sample contained within a holder (e.g., pair of glass slides), featuring an array of lenses and a collimating plate for illuminating spaced-apart narrow areas of the sample, and another lenticular array and collimating plate for viewing the illuminated areas.

Abstract: Distant radiation sources are imaged using a collimator having a multiplicity of portions, the transmissivities of the portions to radiation reaching the collimator from a given source being different from portion-to-portion for a given orientation of the collimator; these transmissivities are varied over time, and radiation passing through each portion is detected for successive values of its transmissivity.

Abstract: Distant radiation sources are imaged using a collimator having a multiplicity of portions, the transmissivities of the portions to radiation reaching the collimator from a given source being different from portion-to-portion for a given orientation of the collimator, regardless of the distance of the source from the collimator; these transmissivities are varied over time, and radiation passing through each portion is detected for successive values of its transmissivity.

Abstract: In imaging apparatus comprising a slit collimator, means for imparting to the collimator a basic movement through a succession of different positions relative to a source of radiation, detector means for providing measurements of the radiation passing through the collimator in each of the positions, and means for processing data from the succession of measurements to gain information about the source, that improvement comprising means for superimposing upon the basic movement of the collimator a cyclic lateral movement of the collimator and the detector means transverse both to the direction of radiation transmission through the collimator and to the walls of the collimator defining the slits, and means for making a succession of such measurements during each cycle of the lateral movement.

Abstract: A collimator for hard radiation comprising a glass mosaic substrate having a plurality of closely packed glass columns aligned in parallel, each of the columns having a passage longitudinally therethrough and being at least 5 times as long as its respective passage is wide. The walls of each of the columns bounding each passage have a coating of metal having an absorption coefficient of at least 14 for the radiation to be collimated, and each of the columns has present therein a radiation absorbing chemical compound such that each of the glass columns has an absorption coefficient for the radiation to be collimated sufficient to give a product of that absorption coefficient and column length in centimeters of at least 12. The metal coating and the chemical compound have absorption coefficients and are present in amounts sufficient to limit the fraction of radiation that passes through the collimator by penetrating through the column walls (F.sub.

Abstract: For imaging distant radiation sources, a collimator is rotated about its own axis while that axis moves about a fixed axis pointing toward the overall field of view of the collimator. Radiation from the source will be transmitted through the collimator during each of its revolutions about its axis. The angular position of the collimator about its axis, and the angular position of the collimator axis about the fixed axis, at the time of each such transmission, define a response plane. Computerized data reduction is used to find the intersection of the response planes, which will be a line pointing precisely at the source. For multiple sources, there will be a corresponding number of intersections.

Abstract: A fiber optic device for nonuniform imaging between two planar surfaces made by taking a pair of cuts through longitudinally spaced portions of a fiber optic bundle, at least one of the cuts intersecting a tapering portion of the bundle and being other than in a plane perpendicular to the bundle axis, and then deforming the length of bundle so cut out to bring at least one of its ends into a changed shape.

Abstract: A collimator for hard radiation comprising a glass mosaic substrate having a plurality of closely packed glass columns aligned in parallel, each of the columns having a passage longitudinally therethrough and being at least 5 times as long as its respective passage is wide. The walls of each of the columns bounding each passage have a coating of metal having an absorption coefficient of at least 14 for the radiation to be collimated, and each of the columns has present therein a radiation absorbing chemical compound such that each of the glass columns has an absorption coefficient for the radiation to be collimated sufficient to give a product of that absorption coefficient and column length in centimeters of at least 12. The metal coating and the chemical compound have absorption coefficients and are present in amounts sufficient to limit the fraction of radiation that passes through the collimator by penetrating through the column walls (F.sub.

Abstract: An optical imaging system for achieving a non-uniform magnification of an input image utilizing a fiber optic taper having a planar input end surface and a curved output end surface, and a fiber optic cylinder having one curved end surface coupling to the curved taper end surface. This curved interface intersects the component fibers of the taper so that the effective diameter of each fiber end lying in the curved surface is dependent on its radial position in the surface. This variation in the effective fiber diameters results in an output image having a pattern of size amplification or reduction that is non-uniform. The form of the pattern and the degree of non-uniformity can be selected through a proper choice of the taper configuration. Further increases in the degree of non-uniformity of the output image are achieved by substituting a second taper for the fiber optic cylinder, or by coupling one or more additional tapers between the curved interface and the cylinder.

Abstract: Obtaining information about positional source of, for example, a gamma ray source, by slit collimating and detecting beam components from the source in a multiplicity of varying slit locations, and using the resulting data to plot the source position.