Abstract: A transparent solar panel includes a transparent substrate and a transparent photoactive material. An average photosynthetic transmittance (APT) of the entire transparent solar panel is greater than or equal to about 45%. The transparent solar panel is configured to transmit light to a region containing a plant at a daily light integral (DLI) of greater than or equal to about 10 mol·m?2·d?1. The transparent solar panel may be a transparent photovoltaic (TPV) or a transparent luminescent solar concentrator (TLSC).

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems for deploying wireless connectivity across a geographical area are disclosed. A bollard for deploying the wireless connectivity includes a modem and a router to receive an Internet connection from an ISP uplink. A PoE switch receives the Internet connection from the router. A first set of wireless backhaul bridges receive the Internet connection from the PoE switch and provide the Internet connection to a second set of wireless backhaul bridges embedded within a set of bollards external to the bollard. A wireless AP receives the Internet connection from the PoE switch. The AP includes a first Wi-Fi router to provide the wireless connectivity, using the Internet connection, to a first set of client devices, and a second Wi-Fi router to provide the wireless connectivity, using the Internet connection, to a second set of client devices.

Abstract: A solar panel includes a substrate and a photoactive material. The photoactive material includes an ion and a counterion. An absolute magnitude of a binding energy between the ion and the counterion is less than or equal to about 6.5. A majority of available hydrogen sites on the counterion may be halogenated. A water contact angle of the photoactive material may be greater than or equal to about 65°. The solar panel may be a photovoltaic or a luminescent solar concentrator.