Abstract: The present disclosure provides electrodes that possess components capable of indicating to an end-user when the electrode is in need of replacement. In embodiments, the electrodes include a hydrogel in combination with a pH indicator which changes its color or opacity upon repeated use of the electrode, thereby indicating an appropriate time for changing or replacing the electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides electrodes that possess components capable of indicating to an end-user when the electrode is in need of replacement. The electrode includes a substrate and a conductive composition on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate. The conductive composition includes at least one hydrogel and at least one component that precipitates from the hydrogel after repeated use of the electrode, thereby providing an indication to replace the electrode.

Abstract: A multifunction electrode (MFE) pad, which includes a multi-strand conductor having one end in the form of dispersed carbon fibers, and another end adapted for connection to a defibrillation unit. A conductive substrate is in electrical communication with one end of the multi-strand conductor. The conductive substrate includes a conductive back side, an intermediate conductive polymer layer, and a conductive front side, the front side being a metal/metal chloride coating containing at least 25% by weight of metal chloride. The MFE pad further includes a conductive hydrogel layer covering said front side of the conductive substrate and a backing layer covering one end of the multi-strand conductor and the back side of the conductive substrate. The backing layer has a surface area that is greater than the surface area of the conductive hydrogel layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides electrodes that possess components capable of indicating to an end-user when the electrode is in need of replacement. In embodiments, the electrodes include a hydrogel in combination with a pH indicator which changes its color or opacity upon repeated use of the electrode, thereby indicating an appropriate time for changing or replacing the electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides electrodes that possess components capable of indicating to an end-user when the electrode is in need of replacement.

Abstract: A multifunction electrode (MFE) pad, which includes a multi-strand conductor having one end in the form of dispersed carbon fibers, and another end adapted for connection to a defibrillation unit. A conductive substrate is in electrical communication with one end of the multi-strand conductor. The conductive substrate includes a conductive back side, an intermediate conductive polymer layer, and a conductive front side, the front side being a metal/metal chloride coating containing at least 25% by weight of metal chloride. The MFE pad further includes a conductive hydrogel layer covering said front side of the conductive substrate and a backing layer covering one end of the multi-strand conductor and the back side of the conductive substrate. The backing layer has a surface area that is greater than the surface area of the conductive hydrogel layer.