Abstract: The present invention is a polymer having structural units, units of formula I, units of formula II and units of either formula IIIa or formula IIIb: The polymer improves the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources and especially from vegetable or animal sources.

Abstract: Para-alkylated substituted diphenylamines are made by catalytically alkylating diphenylamine with a branched-chain alkene, such as propene, oligomer mixture in which the oligomer present in the greatest percentage has 15-24 carbon atoms. The alkylated diphenylamines are useful crankcase lubricant additives such as for reducing piston deposits and engine sludge.

Abstract: A sulphur-free polymer comprising structural units of formula (I) and structural units of formula (II): wherein R1 represents a C8 to C22 alkyl group, preferably a C12 to C16 alkyl group; wherein R2 is hydrogen or methyl; wherein R3 represents —R5(OR6)nOR7; wherein R5 and R6 may be the same or different and independently represent a linear or branched C1 to C8 alkylene group; wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20; wherein R7 represents a C1 to C4 alkyl group; wherein R4 is hydrogen or methyl; and wherein the molar ratio of structural units (I):structural units (II) in the polymer is in the range from 100:1 to 2:1. The polymers improve the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources, those from vegetable or animal sources, and mixtures of these fuel oils.

Abstract: The present invention is a polymer having structural units, units of formula I, units of formula II and units of either formula IIIa or formula IIIb: The polymer improves the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources and especially from vegetable or animal sources.

Abstract: The present invention is a polymer having structural units, units of formula I, units of formula II and units of either formula IIIa or formula IIIb: The polymer improves the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources and especially from vegetable or animal sources.

Abstract: A sulphur-free polymer comprising structural units of formula (I) and structural units of formula (II): wherein R1 represents a C8 to C22 alkyl group, preferably a C12 to C16 alkyl group; wherein R2 is hydrogen or methyl; wherein R3 represents —R5(OR6)nOR7; wherein R5 and R6 may be the same or different and independently represent a linear or branched C1 to C8 alkylene group; wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20; wherein R7 represents a C1 to C4 alkyl group; wherein R4 is hydrogen or methyl; and wherein the molar ratio of structural units (I): structural units (II) in the polymer is in the range from 100:1 to 2:1. The polymers improve the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources, those from vegetable or animal sources, and mixtures of these fuel oils.

Abstract: The present invention is a polymer having structural units, units of formula I, units of formula II and units of either formula IIIa or formula IIIb: The polymer improves the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources and especially from vegetable or animal sources.

Abstract: Para-alkylated substituted diphenylamines are made by catalytically alkylating diphenylamine with a branched-chain alkene, such as propene, oligomer mixture in which the oligomer present in the greatest percentage has 15-24 carbon atoms. The alkylated diphenylamines are useful crankcase lubricant additives such as for reducing piston deposits and engine sludge.

Abstract: Liquid crystal compounds having the formula (I) ##STR1## in which A.sub.1 is alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl; X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are independently halogens, m, n, p and q are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 such that m+n+p+q.noteq.0; Y is O or COO; and A.sub.2 is an end group of the formula (II), ##STR2## where Z is halogen, CH.sub.3, CN, CF.sub.3 or, CHF.sub.2 ; R is a linear or branched alkyl group or H; and R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group or H.