Abstract: A rigid wand receives water under pressure from a pump. A canister of larger diameter than the wand receives the water from the wand with impact on flow disruptive material promoting aeration by turbulence. A large number of peripheral outlet ports allow water to tumble out of the canister through the ports.

Abstract: A rigid wand receives water under pressure from a pump. A canister of larger diameter than the wand receives the water from the wand with impact on flow disruptive material promoting aeration by turbulence. A large number of peripheral outlet ports allow water to tumble out of the canister through the ports.

Abstract: Apparatus for excavating and transplanting of plants and trees comprising interlockable curved blades (16) detachable from the driving apparatus (32 & 33) such that several soil-balls and several sizes of soil-ball can be excavated consecutively by the apparatus driving each blade (16) successively by the transfer of momentum from a rapidly reciprocating device (32 & 33) producing little resultant reactive force. The soil-balls so dug are secured in the temporary reusable containers formed by sets of interlocked blades, and may be extracted from the plantation by normal lifting and transporting means to the place of transplanting, without the encumbrance of the excavating apparatus accompanying each plant. The apparatus incorporates means for guidance (1, 2 15 & 21) of the detachable blades during driving and means (17) for guided rotation and positioning of the apparatus about the vertical axis of the tree.

Abstract: A process for controlled slow cooling of non-ferrous smelting slags, such as copper slags, for the recovery of the non-ferrous metals contained therein by subsequent crushing, milling and flotation operations is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of pouring the molten slag into a ladle, allowing the slag to slowly cool and solidify in the ladle at least to the point where a shell is formed which is strong enough to withstand dumping from the ladle, dumping the slag from the ladle in a single piece, allowing the dumped slag to cool until its center is substantially solidified, and breaking the dumped slag in small pieces for further cooling, crushing, milling and flotation operations. Alternatively, the top of the slag in the ladle may be water cooled while the slag is allowed to slowly cool in the ladle until its center is substantially solidified. The slag is then dumped and subsequently broken in small pieces.