Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: An electrode for neural sensing and stimulation comprising a first electrode disposed on a probe and a second electrode disposed on the probe, wherein a voltage or impedance is sensed using the first electrode and second electrode.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: An electrode for neural sensing and stimulation comprising a first electrode disposed on a probe and a second electrode disposed on the probe, wherein a voltage or impedance is sensed using the first electrode and second electrode.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed that includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a plurality of quantum dot devices disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. An impedance is coupled to the second electrode and has a value selected to conduct or block conduction of current when a coherent electron conduction band is formed by one or more of the quantum dot devices, such as with quantum dot devices in an adjacent circuit.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed that includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a plurality of quantum dot devices disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. An impedance is coupled to the second electrode and has a value selected to conduct or block conduction of current when a coherent electron conduction band is formed by one or more of the quantum dot devices, such as with quantum dot devices in an adjacent circuit.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed that includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a plurality of quantum dot devices disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. An impedance is coupled to the second electrode and has a value selected to conduct or block conduction of current when a coherent electron conduction band is formed by one or more of the quantum dot devices, such as with quantum dot devices in an adjacent circuit.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: A method for identifying counterfeit coins, comprising receiving surface image data and edge image data of the coin at a processor. Identifying a plurality of defects using the processor. Comparing each of the plurality of defects to a database of known authentic coin image data defects to determine whether the coin is authentic.

Abstract: A payment system for spending accounts is provided. The payment system includes a qualified vendor system, such as a point of sale system at a doctor's office, that generates purchase data and point of sale data, such as a co-pay amount, a credit card number, and a point of sale device identifier. An account management system receives the purchase data and point of sale data and generates authorized purchase data, such as by determining whether payment of co-pay can be automatically authorized based on pre-qualification of the doctor's office as an authorized source.

Abstract: A payment system for spending accounts is provided. The payment system includes a qualified vendor system, such as a point of sale system at a doctor's office, that generates purchase data and point of sale data, such as a co-pay amount, a credit card number, and a point of sale device identifier. An account management system receives the purchase data and point of sale data and generates authorized purchase data, such as by determining whether payment of co-pay can be automatically authorized based on pre-qualification of the doctor's office as an authorized source.

Abstract: A payment system for spending accounts is provided. The payment system includes a qualified vendor system, such as a point of sale system at a doctor's office, that generates purchase data and point of sale data, such as a co-pay amount, a credit card number, and a point of sale device identifier. An account management system receives the purchase data and point of sale data and generates authorized purchase data, such as by determining whether payment of co-pay can be automatically authorized based on pre-qualification of the doctor's office as an authorized source.

Abstract: A system for receiving audiovisual content is provided, such as for viewing a television program that is provided on demand over the Internet. The system includes a charge selection system that allows the viewer to select whether to receive the television program for free with commercials or to pay for the television program and receive it without commercials. A content viewing system connected to the charge selection system receives the viewer's selection and presenting the television show in the selected format.

Abstract: A system for causing an electrical effect in a weapon. A system for detecting a location and a size of a weapon. A system for transmitting electromagnetic radiation towards the weapon at a frequency and a vector orientation to optimize generation of electrical effects in the weapon.

Abstract: A system for detecting weapons is provided. The system includes a radar system transmitting electromagnetic radiation, analyzing reflected signals to detect a weapon, and generating reflected signal data. An energy field parameter system receives the reflected signal data and sets a plurality of energy field parameters. An energy field system transmits energy at a location associated with the detected weapon.