Abstract: The phenomenon of electroendosmosis which occurs in electrophoretic separations and interferes with the efficiency, accuracy and reproducibility of the separations, is suppressed by the inclusion in the separation medium of a dissolved hydrophilic polymer which has been modified by amine groups covalently bonded thereto, in a controlled proportion relative to the polymer. This modified polymer suppresses electroendosmosis in both flee zone electrophoresis and molecular sieve electrophoresis. When this modified polymer is used in a capillary, the reduction which it produces in the electroendosmosis is the same as that achieved by coating the capillary wall with a neutral polymer.

Abstract: A cartridge for high performance capillary electrophoresis is constructed to accommodate a capillary with a flexible length of tubing surrounding it for the passage of a liquid coolant. Connections and fittings in the cartridge permit quick insertion and removal of the capillary and coolant tube so that capillaries of different lengths can be used with the same cartridge. Apertures in the cartridge body permit the capillary and tubing to be looped outside the cartridge so that different lengths can be connected without the need to coil the capillary inside the cartridge body. A removable capillary aligning device is also disclosed, which fits in the cartridge in a fixed orientation and holds the capillary in alignment with lenses if used and a light beam passing through the cartridge.

Abstract: A cartridge for high performance capillary electrophoresis is constructed to accommodate a capillary with a flexible length of tubing surrounding it for the passage of a liquid coolant. Connections and fittings in the cartridge permit quick insertion and removal of the capillary and coolant tube so that capillaries of different lengths can be used with the same cartridge. Apertures in the cartridge body permit the capillary and tubing to be looped outside the cartridge so that different lengths can be connected without the need to coil the capillary inside the cartridge body. A removable capillary aligning device is also disclosed, which fits in the cartridge in a fixed orientation and holds the capillary in alignment with lenses if used and a light beam passing through the cartridge.

Abstract: Gels for electrophoresis such as polyacrylamide gels are formed in a neutral pH medium containing a salt solution of preselected concentration. This salt is incorporated in the gel and in subsequent use in electrophoresis is displaced upon application of an electrical potential (direct current) by ionic species which form a pH buffer in the gel. Prior to introduction of the buffer, the gel containing the neutral salt is storage stable for prolonged periods of time. The gel is reproducible since it is always formed under the same conditions and the buffer only thereafter introduced.