Abstract: A method for determining the percent of a solid material dissolved into a liquid medium is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of combining the solid material and the liquid medium; determining the initial solid concentration (i); determining the dynamic solid concentration (d) using a light scattering technique; and calculating the percent dissolved material according to the formula: [(i−d)/i]×100. Methods for determining dissolution rate and particle size using turbidity measurements are also disclosed.

Abstract: Drug particles which are essentially crystalline and have a mean particle size below about 2 microns, when dispersed in water, are described. When added to an aqueous medium at 25-95% of the equilibrium solubility of the drug substance, the drug particles show complete dissolution, as characterized by a 95% reduction in turbidity, in less than 5 minutes. Using a controlled precipitation process to prepare such drug particles is also described. Such drug particles exhibit an enhanced dissolution rate and better stability as compared to particles prepared according to processes described in the prior art.

Abstract: Particles having a plurality of crystalline domains are described. Each crystalline domain is oriented differently than any of the adjacent domains and comprises a drug substance. A plurality of interfacial regions surround the crystalline domains, each interfacial region comprising at least one stabilizer. A process used to prepare the particles of the present invention is also described. The particles of the present invention exhibit relatively fast dissolution times as compared to particles prepared by processes described in the prior art.

Abstract: This invention is cross-linked, polymerized hydrocarbon particles which composition is characterized in that the particles have an average diameter of less than 30 nm, the particles exhibit a volume swell factor of no greater than 3.0; the composition is essentially free of metal ions; the particles have a polydispersity (polystyrene relative Mw/Mn) of less than 3.0, and the particles are characterized by a Mark-Houwink plot having a slope with an absolute value of less than 0.4 for the peak molecular weight range. The invention is also a method of making nanoparticles having a weight average diameter less than 30 nm by emulsion polymerization in the substantial absence of ionic components. Finally, the invention is a method of using such particles as thermally degradable components in making porous films.

Abstract: A process for preparing crystalline particles of a drug substance is disclosed, said process comprising recirculating an anti-solvent through a mixing zone, dissolving the drug substance in a solvent to form a solution, adding the solution to the mixing zone to form a particle slurry in the anti-solvent, and recirculating at least a portion of the particle slurry back through the mixing zone. Particles produced from the process are also disclosed. The present invention has the ability to be operated in a continuous fashion, resulting in a more efficient process and a more uniform product. The present invention has the additional advantage of having the ability to operate at a relatively low solvent ratio, thereby increasing the drug to excipient ratio.

Abstract: A water-soluble polymer having a low polydispersity index and controlled molecular weight can be prepared by oxidative degradation and shearing of a water-swellable crosslinked polymer or by hydrolysis of the crosslinked polymer to a high molecular weight soluble polymer, followed by oxidative degradation of the high molecular weight polymer.

Abstract: A process for hypochlorinating unsaturated alpha-olefins to produce chlorohydrins which comprises forming a microemulsion of water and an unsaturated alpha-olefin and then adding an oxidant to the microemulsion under conditions sufficient to form the chlorohydrins. The microemulsion is formed by adding a non-nucleophilic surfactant and, optionally, a co-surfactant, to the mixture of water and unsaturated alpha-olefin.

Abstract: Superior high water containing oil continuous microemulsions and emulsions for cleaning contain defined amounts of water, one or more ionic surfactants, and one or more organic solvents so that the compositions have a low conductivity and low viscosity.

Abstract: Superior high water containing oil continuous microemulsions and emulsions for cleaning contain defined amounts of water, one or more ionic surfactants, and one or more organic solvents so that the compositions have a low conductivity and low viscosity.

Abstract: A correlation processor arrangement is used to guide an airborne vehicle along a path precisely to a predetermined destination. Guidance is divided into three distinct phases, and during each phase the position of the vehicle is verified by matching the view of its surroundings with stored reference data representing the expected fields of view. During the first navigation phase the stored data consists of predetermined terrain areas. During the second detection phase the destination is acquired, and during the third homing phase the view of the approaching destination is used as the stored reference data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a translucent prespotting composition containing a single phase liquid microemulsion at the processing temperature. The single phase microemulsion comprises a gelling agent, one or more surfactants, a water immiscible solvent or a mixture of water immiscible solvents which may contain no more than about 2 weight percent water at 25.degree. C. when the organic solvent is saturated with water in absence of surfactants or other additives, and water in amounts greater than about 15 percent by weight and less than about 60 percent by weight of the composition. The microemulsions before gelling or solidifying may be oil continuous, water continuous, or bicontinous.

Abstract: Disclosed is a translucent solid prespotting composition containing a single phase liquid microemulsion at the processing temperature. The single phase microemulsion comprises a gelling agent, one or more surfactants, a solvent or a mixture of solvents which may contain no more than about 2 weight percent water at 25.degree. C. when the organic solvent is saturated with water in absence of surfactants or other additives, and water in amounts greater than about 15 percent by weight and less than about 60 percent by weight of the composition. The microemulsions before solidifying may be oil continuous, water continuous, or bicontinuous.

Abstract: Nonrandom ionomers of ethylene and an ionic functional comonomer, such as zinc-2-ethylhexylmaleate, are prepared in a one-step, inverse micellar copolymerization process comprising contacting under copolymerization conditions ethylene and the comonomer in a manner such that the comonomer forms an inverse micelle within the ethylene. The comonomer is at least 20% neutralized, preferably 100% neutralized. The ionomers of this invention exhibit properties similar to nonrandom ionomers made by the traditional two-step process of copolymerizing ethylene and an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and then neutralizing the product with metal ions.

Abstract: Corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with an aqueous medium is inhibited by incorporating a N-(hydrophobe aromatic)pyridinium compound such as N-(p-dodecylphenyl-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium sulfoacetate into the aqueous medium.

Abstract: Corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with an aqueous medium is inhibited by incorporating a N-(hydrophobe aromatic)pyridinium compound such as N-(p-dodecylphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium sulfoacetate into the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A data processing arrangement is designed to handle two dimensional data arrays. An operation is performed on each element in th data array which is partially dependent on the nature of the neighboring data elements which surround it. In this way particular characteristics of the two dimensional array can be detected or removed, i.e. picture edges can be detected or noise can be removed. Each element and its neighboring elements are used to address a store which holds the result of performing the corresponding operation. In practice, the two dimensional array of data arrives as a continuous data bit stream so that a window corresponding to a particular element and its neighboring elements is scanned systematically across the two dimensional array. The arrangement is capable of handling a continuously arriving data stream. The operations performed on the data can be readily changed by altering the nature of the stored results.