Abstract: A machine segment in an industrial control system, comprising (1) a control system comprising at least a logic controller and safety controller; (2) safety components; (3) motors; and (4) input/output devices. In particular embodiments: (1) the control system is in network communication with a neighboring machine segment via a first network connection; (2) the safety controller is in network communication with a neighboring machine segment safety controller via a second network connection; (3) the logic controller receives input/output data from the input/output devices and transmit it directly to the neighboring machine segment; (4) the logic controller receives second input/output data from the neighboring machine segment; (5) the logic controller receives identifying data for the neighboring machine segment; and (6) the logic controller controls operation of each of the motors based on one or more of the input/output data, the second input/output data, or the identifying data.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an article that includes a first plurality of spaced features. The spaced features are arranged in a plurality of groupings; the groupings of features include repeat units; the spaced features within a grouping are spaced apart at an average distance of about 1 nanometer to about 500 micrometers; each feature having a surface that is substantially parallel to a surface on a neighboring feature; each feature being separated from its neighboring feature; the groupings of features being arranged with respect to one another so as to define a tortuous pathway. The plurality of spaced features provide the article with an engineered roughness index of about 5 to about 20.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an article that includes a first plurality of spaced features. The spaced features are arranged in a plurality of groupings; the groupings of features include repeat units; the spaced features within a grouping are spaced apart at an average distance of about 1 nanometer to about 500 micrometers; each feature having a surface that is substantially parallel to a surface on a neighboring feature; each feature being separated from its neighboring feature; the groupings of features being arranged with respect to one another so as to define a tortuous pathway. The plurality of spaced features provide the article with an engineered roughness index of about 5 to about 20.