Abstract: A process for hydrogenating an aromatic nitro compound according to the invention comprises providing a hydrogen gas stream and a liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; providing a fixed bed catalytic reactor having an inflow side and an outflow side; feeding to the inflow side, the hydrogen gas stream and the liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; converting the hydrogen gas and the aromatic nitro compound into an aromatic amine, thereby providing a reactor effluent comprising the aromatic amine and water; evacuating the reactor effluent from the reactor at the outflow side of the reactor; wherein an inert solvent or water is fed to the inflow side of the reactor at a molar ratio of moles inert solvent or water to moles hydrogen is more than 1.

Abstract: An authentication system is disclosed for use in authenticating an entity to a relying party, to enable the entity to access a protected resource provided by the relying party via a web page, comprising an authentication component installable in a web browser used by the entity to access the web page, the authentication component comprising (a) a page scanner component which is operable when the entity accesses the web page to scan the web page (and/or to ask the entity) to identify a plurality of authentication systems supported by the web page; and (b) an activator component which is operable when the entity accesses the web page to install an identity system selector component in the web page which is operable to interact with the entity to enable the entity to select which of the plurality of authentication systems to use.

Abstract: A process for providing methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines from aniline and formaldehyde according to the invention comprises the subsequent steps of a) condensing aniline and formaldehyde; b) reacting, in a first catalytic reaction step, said condensate over a solid catalyst, whereby an intermediate mixture is provided; c) converting, in a subsequent catalytic reaction step, said intermediate mixture into methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines in presence of a subsequent solid catalyst, thereby providing said methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating an aromatic nitro compound according to the invention comprises providing a hydrogen gas stream and a liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; providing a fixed bed catalytic reactor having an inflow side and an outflow side; feeding to the inflow side, the hydrogen gas stream and the liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; converting the hydrogen gas and the aromatic nitro compound into an aromatic amine, thereby providing a reactor effluent comprising the aromatic amine and water; evacuating the reactor effluent from the reactor at the outflow side of the reactor; wherein an inert solvent or water is fed to the inflow side of the reactor at a molar ratio of moles inert solvent or water to moles hydrogen is more than 1.

Abstract: A process for providing methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines from aniline and formaldehyde according to the invention comprises the subsequent steps of a) condensing aniline and formaldehyde, providing a condensate, the molar ratio of aniline to formaldehyde being chosen in the range of 2 to 3.5; b) reacting, in a first catalytic reaction step, at a reaction temperature within the range of about 30° C. to about 100° C., said condensate over a solid catalyst being chosen from the group consisting of clays, silicates, silica-aluminas and ion exchange resins, whereby an intermediate mixture is provided, the intermediate mixture comprising amino benzyl amines; c) converting, in a subsequent catalytic reaction step, at a temperature within the range of about 70° C. to about 250° C.

Abstract: An aim of the invention is to provide an authentication method which retains the advantages of the S/KEY system while offering improved resistance to host impersonation attacks.

Abstract: Method of preparing diaminodiphenylmethane and higher homologues thereof from aniline and formaldehyde in the presence of heterogeneous solid acid catalysts selected from (a) delaminated zeolites and/or (b) metal silicate catalysts having an ordered mesoporous pore structure and/or (c) delaminated phyllosilicates.