Abstract: A cosmetic and/or therapeutic treatment of tissue, such as tooth, is disclosed that effects, for instance, whitening and tissue re-building through mineralisation. Further, a method of performing iontophoresis utilizing an aqueous composition of a remineralising agent to achieve mineralisation is disclosed, as well as a kit for performing the mineralization or remineralisation.

Abstract: A cosmetic and/or therapeutic treatment of tissue, such as tooth, is disclosed that effects, for instance, whitening and tissue re-building through mineralisation. Further, a method of performing iontophoresis utilizing an aqueous composition of a remineralising agent to achieve mineralisation is disclosed, as well as a kit for performing the mineralization or re-mineralisation.

Abstract: A cosmetic and/or therapeutic treatment of tissue, such as tooth, is disclosed that effects, for instance, whitening and tissue re-building through mineralisation. Further, a method of performing iontophoresis utilizing an aqueous composition of a remineralising agent to achieve mineralisation is disclosed, as well as a kit for performing the mineralization or re-mineralization.

Abstract: An apparatus for mineralizing a biological material includes an ultrasonic source, operable to generate an ultrasonic signal, an ultrasonic probe and one or more mineralizing probes, operable to receive a mineralizing agent. The mineralizing agent is transferred from at least one mineralizing probe to the biological material using the ultrasonic signal. Also disclosed are a mineralization agent and a method of mineralizing a biological material that includes the steps of: providing an ultrasound source, providing a mineralizing agent, generating an ultrasonic signal from the ultrasound source, and applying the ultrasonic signal and the mineralizing agent to the biological material separately, sequentially or simultaneously.

Abstract: A cosmetic and/or therapeutic treatment of tissue, such as tooth, is disclosed that effects, for instance, whitening and tissue re-building through mineralization. Further, a method of performing iontophoresis utilizing an aqueous composition of a remineralizing agent to achieve mineralization is disclosed, as well as a kit for performing the mineralization or remineralization.

Abstract: A cosmetic and/or therapeutic treatment of tissue, such as tooth, is disclosed that effects, for instance, whitening and tissue re-building through mineralisation. Further, a method of performing iontophoresis utilizing an aqueous composition of a remineralising agent to achieve mineralisation is disclosed, as well as a kit for performing the mineralization or re-mineralisation.

Abstract: A medical imager, primarily for use in oral and dental applications. The imager has a source for providing a plurality of collimated beams of non-ionizing radiation, in particular near-infrared light, and a plurality of correlated detectors. Each detector is arranged to receive unscattered light from one or part of one of said collimated beams and scattered light from one or more other beams. The imager further comprises means for using both the unscattered and scattered light to form an image.

Abstract: An apparatus for mineralising a biological material includes an ultrasonic source, operable to generate an ultrasonic signal, an ultrasonic probe and one or more mineralising probes, operable to receive a mineralising agent. The mineralising agent is transferred from at least one mineralising probe to the biological material using the ultrasonic signal. Also disclosed are a mineralisation agent and a method of mineralising a biological material that includes the steps of: providing an ultrasound source, providing a mineralising agent, generating an ultrasonic signal from the ultrasound source, and applying the ultrasonic signal and the mineralising agent to the biological material separately, sequentially or simultaneously.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mineralising demineralised and hypo-mineralised biological material such as tooth or bone. The apparatus has a probe electrode for receiving a mineralisation agent and a counter electrode. It is also provided with a controller to control the electrical signal provided to the probe such that the extent of mineralisation of the biological material is controlled by modulating or changing the electrical signal provided by the probe based upon the measured output of the circuit formed from the probe, counter electrode and biological material. The electrical output provides a measure of the extent of mineralisation of the biological material which is compared with data from a reference technique which gives 3D structural information on an area of interest in the biological material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an equipment, device (10; 110) and apparatus for applying electrical stimuli to a system and acquiring a system response. According to the present invention there is provided a test equipment such as a portable test device (10; 110) for testing a system, the equipment comprising: signal generation means, signal receiving means, and signal processing means, wherein, in use, the signal generation means generates a signal to be applied to a system to be tested and the signal receiving means receives a response signal of the system, and the generated and response signals undergo processing by the signal processing means so as to provide a measure of a characteristic of the system, wherein further the generated signal comprises a plurality of periodic signals each of different frequency and phase and which are applied to the system simultaneously. The equipment finds particular use in the field of dentistry, but also finds other uses, e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mineralising demineralised and hypo-mineralised biological material such as tooth or bone. The apparatus has a probe electrode for receiving a mineralisation agent and a counter electrode. It is also provided with a controller to control the electrical signal provided to the probe such that the extent of mineralisation of the biological material is controlled by modulating or changing the electrical signal provided by the probe based upon the measured output of the circuit formed from the probe, counter electrode and biological material. The electrical output provides a measure of the extent of mineralisation of the biological material which is compared with data from a reference technique which gives 3D structural information on an area of interest in the biological material.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns cosmetic and therapeutic treatment of tissue, such as tooth, to effect, for instance, whitening and tissue re-building through mineralisation and including kits for use in the methods.

Abstract: A medical imager, primarily for use in oral and dental applications. The imager has a source for providing a plurality of collimated beams of non-ionizing radiation, in particular near-infrared light, and a plurality of correlated detectors. Each detector is arranged to receive unscattered light from one or part of one of said collimated beams and scattered light from one or more other beams. The imager further comprises means for using both the unscattered and scattered light to form an image.

Abstract: There is described an electrode assembly for passing electrical current through at least part of a tooth, the assembly comprising: an electrode holder; and a plurality of resilient projecting elements coupled to the holder, each element comprising one or more electrodes, the assembly being arranged in use such that when the assembly is positioned adjacent a tooth, the electrodes contact respective parts of at least one surface of the tooth. The assembly is preferably for use in A.C. impedance spectroscopy for caries detection and monitoring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an equipment, device (10; 110) and apparatus for applying electrical stimuli to a system and acquiring a system response. According to the present invention there is provided a test equipment such as a portable test device (10; 110) for testing a system, the equipment comprising: signal generation means, signal receiving means, and signal processing means, wherein, in use, the signal generation means generates a signal to be applied to a system to be tested and the signal receiving means receives a response signal of the system, and the generated and response signals undergo processing by the signal processing means so as to provide a measure of a characteristic of the system, wherein further the generated signal comprises a plurality of periodic signals each of different frequency and phase and which are applied to the system simultaneously. The equipment finds particular use in the field of dentistry, but also finds other uses, e.g.

Abstract: Various medical conditions in a subject may be diagnosed by comparing the concentration of a diagnostic species such as ethane in breath samples from a subject from different stages of the breathing cycle. Using phase sensitive measurement of absorption of IR laser radiation, very small concentrations of the diagnostic species can be measured. Apparatus for collecting breath samples from different stages of the breathing cycle is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a method o monitoring the structure of a tooth comprising:—placing an electrode carrier, having at least three electrodes, adjacent the tooth such that the electrodes contact at least one of the occlusal, approximal or free smooth surfaces of the tooth; selecting pairs of the carrier electrodes, one electrode of each selected pair to act as a contact electrode, and the other as a counter electrode; for each selected pair of electrodes, passing an alternating electrical current between the electrodes so as to form a circuit from the electrodes and a respective part of the tooth at least between the electrodes, and monitoring the electrical response for the circuit; and processing the monitored response for each pair of electrodes so as to determine structural information relating to the respective parts of the tooth. Apparatus for carrying out the method is described. The method is preferably an impedance spectroscopy technique, for caries detection and monitoring.