Abstract: Systems and methods for recharging zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide in reusable sorbent modules are provided. The systems and methods provide for recharging any combination of zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide sorbent modules. The systems and methods also provide for linkage of multiple rechargers for sharing of infrastructure.

Abstract: Methods and related apparatuses for sorbent recharging are provided. The methods and related apparatuses for recharging can recharge a specific rechargeable layer or module of a sorbent material such as zirconium phosphate in a sorbent cartridge. The methods and apparatuses include a fluid source containing at least one recharging fluid, wherein the fluid source is fluidly connectable to at least one rechargeable sorbent module for use in sorbent dialysis in a fluid flow path. The methods and apparatuses include passing a single solution through the zirconium phosphate for ion exchanges, resulting in zirconium phosphate to maintain a substantially consistent pH in a dialysate used during dialysis.

Abstract: Systems and methods for recharging zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide are provided. The systems and methods provide for recharging of the zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide in reusable sorbent modules. The systems and methods include recharging flow paths for recharging zirconium phosphate independently or concurrently.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for recharging zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide in reusable sorbent modules. The devices, systems, and methods provide for precision recharging of the zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide to avoid the need of excess recharge solutions. The devices systems and methods also provide for calculation of the volumes of recharge solution needed for fully recharging the zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide modules.

Abstract: A sorbent pouch for use in sorbent dialysis. The sorbent pouch allows for fluid to freely pass into and through the sorbent materials, while keeping the sorbent materials inside the sorbent pouch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a testing system and related methods for detecting peritonitis or infection in peritoneal dialysate removed from a patient. The testing system can include a fluid sensor apparatus in a fluid line of a peritoneal dialysis cycler through which spent peritoneal dialysate can be pumped. The fluid sensor apparatus can detect one or more markers associated with peritonitis or infection.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for replenishing urease in a sorbent cartridge for use in sorbent dialysis. The sorbent cartridge is configured to allow an amount of urease to be added to the sorbent cartridge. A urease solution can be injected into the sorbent cartridge to replenish the urease containing module, or solid urease can be added to the sorbent cartridge. The sorbent module can also comprise other, rechargeable, sorbent materials for removing toxins other than urea from spent dialysate.

Abstract: A sorbent cartridge comprising one or more detachable modules. The sorbent cartridge can have one or more modules contained therein having connectors connecting each of the modules. One or more of the modules can be reusable and the sorbent materials therein recharged. The sorbent cartridge can include a module containing an anion exchange resin, such as zirconium oxide, downstream of zirconium phosphate in the sorbent cartridge to recapture phosphate anions that leach out of the zirconium phosphate.

Abstract: A reserve zirconium phosphate module for continuing dialysis in the event the capacity of the original zirconium phosphate module is exceeded. The sorbent cartridge can have a sensor for detecting when the capacity of the zirconium phosphate material has been exceeded, and a valve assembly for diverting the flow of spent dialysate into the reserve module when needed. Any of the modules of the sorbent cartridge can be reusable and the sorbent materials therein recharged.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for conditioning a zirconium oxide sorbent module for use in dialysis after recharging. The devices, systems, and methods can provide for conditioning and recharging of zirconium oxide in a single system, or in separate systems.

Abstract: Methods and related apparatuses for sorbent recharging are provided. The methods and related apparatuses for recharging can recharge a specific rechargeable layer of a sorbent material such as zirconium oxide and/or zirconium phosphate in a sorbent cartridge. The methods and apparatuses include passing solutions containing aqueous basic solutions through the zirconium oxide. The apparatus allows for recharging the zirconium oxide, and also for recharging zirconium phosphate, wherein the sorbent materials are contained in reusable sorbent modules.

Abstract: Methods and related apparatuses for sorbent recharging are provided. The methods and related apparatuses for recharging can recharge a specific rechargeable layer of a sorbent material such as zirconium phosphate in a sorbent cartridge. The methods and apparatuses include passing solutions containing combinations of acids, bases and salts through a module containing a rechargeable sorbent material such as zirconium phosphate in order to replace ions bound to the zirconium phosphate with hydrogen and sodium ions. The method allows for a customizable zirconium phosphate, with control over the ratios of sodium to hydrogen on the recharged zirconium phosphate.

Abstract: A medical monitoring device for monitoring electrical signals from the body of a subject is described. The medical monitoring device monitors electrical signals originating from a cardiac cycle of the subject and associates each cardiac cycle with a time index. The medical monitoring device applies a forward computational procedure to generate a risk score indicative of hyperkalemia, hypokalemia or arrhythmia of the subject. The medical monitoring device can adjust the forward computational procedure based upon clinical data obtained from the subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for making intracycle adjustments to an osmotic agent concentration of peritoneal dialysate inside the peritoneal cavity of a patient. The systems and methods include osmotic agent sources, flow paths, and processors to adjust the osmotic agent concentration of dialysate in the peritoneal cavity of the patient. The method can include infusing peritoneal dialysate containing an osmotic agent into the peritoneal cavity of a patient; monitoring one or more patient parameters; and adjusting the osmotic agent concentration of the peritoneal dialysate in the peritoneal cavity of the patient by infusing a concentrated osmotic agent solution or by infusing sterile fluid into the peritoneal cavity of the patient using an on-line peritoneal dialysis machine. The system can include a peritoneal dialysis cycler.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for sensing fluid characteristics of peritoneal dialysate infused into and removed from a patient during treatment. The systems and methods include sensors, processors, and flow paths for determining patient health based on the fluid characteristics of the peritoneal dialysate. The system can be a peritoneal dialysis cycler which can include an infusion line; an effluent line; at least one pump positioned in the infusion and/or effluent line; and at least one sensor fluidly connected to the effluent line. The sensor can be at least one of a flow sensor, an ion selective electrode, a pH sensor, a pressure sensor, a refractive index sensor, and a temperature sensor. The method can include infusing peritoneal dialysate through an infusion line; removing peritoneal dialysate through an effluent line; and determining at least one fluid characteristic of the peritoneal dialysate in the effluent line.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for optimizing a peritoneal dialysate prescription based on one or more fluid characteristics sensed from a filtrate removed from a patient. The systems and methods include sensors, flow paths, and processors to adjust a peritoneal dialysate prescription and deliver peritoneal dialysis therapy to a patient based on the adjusted prescription. The method can include the steps of removing fluid from a peritoneal cavity of a patient; sampling one or more characteristics of the removed fluid; and adjusting a peritoneal dialysate prescription based on the one or more characteristics of the removed fluid. The system can include a peritoneal dialysate effluent line; at least one concentrate source fluidly connectable to the peritoneal dialysate flow path; and at least one sensor positioned in the peritoneal dialysate effluent line.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for generating a peritoneal dialysate having purity and sterility characteristics suitable for Peritoneal Dialysis (PD). The peritoneal dialysate can be generated from water of variable quality using a purity control system having one or more ultrafilters for sterilization of the peritoneal dialysate Peritoneal dialysate generation system and related methods are described that can generate sterilized peritoneal dialysate and deliver peritoneal dialysis therapy to a patient.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for optimizing a peritoneal dialysate therapy session based on one or more patient or system parameters obtained from a previous peritoneal dialysis therapy session. The systems and methods include various sensors, flow paths, and processors to adjust a peritoneal dialysis prescription for a subsequent therapy session based on data received during or after one or more previous therapy session. For example, a first peritoneal dialysis therapy session can provide data on patient or system parameters that can adjust the dialysis parameters used to deliver a subsequent peritoneal dialysis therapy session. The method can be computer implemented. The system can also include a peritoneal dialysate generation flow path.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for adjusting one or more dialysis parameters for delivering a peritoneal dialysis cycle to a patient based on patient or system parameters. The systems and methods include various sensors, flow paths, and processors to adjust the dialysis parameters used to deliver peritoneal dialysis therapy, for a specific peritoneal dialysis cycle. For example, a first peritoneal dialysis cycle can provide data on patient or system parameters that can be used to adjust the dialysis parameters used to deliver a subsequent peritoneal dialysis cycle. One or more peritoneal dialysis cycles are contained in a particular peritoneal dialysis therapy session. Patient parameters can include patient blood pressure; volume of fluid removed; patient goal; blood solute level; effluent solute level; effluent temperature; effluent color or clarity; patient posture; tidal volume remaining in patient; and intraperitoneal pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for monitoring the long term health of the peritoneum and catheter in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. The systems and methods include processors and sensors for determining changes in the peritoneum health or catheter of a PD patient to support analysis, replacement, and possible medical intervention. The method can include receiving a prior history of a patient; storing the prior history in a machine-readable storage medium, which when executed performs the steps of trending the one or more fluid parameters from the prior history; and determining a change in peritoneum health or catheter patency from the trended prior history. The system can include a peritoneal dialysis cycler having an infusion line and an effluent line; at least one sensor positioned in the infusion line, the effluent line, or combinations thereof; and a processor in communication with the sensor.