Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating for tensile stress on a layer deposited on a substrate. The method includes disposing the substrate between a bladder and a contact ring, and applying pressure against a back side of the substrate toward the contact ring to bend a center region of the substrate until the substrate assumes a convex shape relative to an upward flow of a plating solution.

Abstract: A method for immersing a substrate into a plating solution. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a first waveform to the substrate as the substrate is being immersed into the plating solution, stopping the application of the first waveform to the substrate as soon as the substrate is fully immersed inside the plating solution, and applying a second waveform to the substrate prior to the substrate being situated into a plating position.