Abstract: There is described an implantable apparatus for interacting with biological tissue. The apparatus generally has a base; a plurality of strands each having an elongated body with a proximal end fixed to said base and a distal end opposite the said proximal end, the plurality of strands being entwined with one another to form a thread of entwined strands; and a plurality of biological interaction devices extending between the base and the plurality of strands, the biological interaction devices each having a biological interaction element located along the elongated body of a corresponding one of the plurality of strands and interacting with surrounding biological tissue when the thread of entwined strands is implanted into the biological tissue.