Abstract: Conformal semiconductor chucks are disclosed. The semiconductor chucks can include a first portion comprising a first vacuum pad. The semiconductor chucks can include a second portion exhibiting greater compliance than either of the first portion or a third portion. The semiconductor chucks can include the third portion comprising a second vacuum pad.

Abstract: Expandable semiconductor chucks are disclosed. The semiconductor chucks can include a first portion comprising a plurality of first couplers configured to receive a corresponding plurality of actuators. The semiconductor chucks can include a second portion circumscribed about the first portion, the second portion comprising a plurality of segments. Each segment can include a wafer holder to selectively couple the respective segment to a semiconductor wafer. Each segment can include a second coupler to receive one or more of the plurality of actuators. The actuators can extend to increase a dimension between the first portion and the second portion and retract to decrease a dimension between the first portion and the second portion.

Abstract: A method is provided for activating a first surface for bonding to a second surface. In some embodiments, the method includes exposing the first surface to a plasma that has a high electron density in a range between 1×109 cm?3 and 1×1012 cm?3 and a low electron temperature of less than 1 eV, and then bonding the first surface to the second surface. In some embodiments, the plasma is generated by a plasma generator using a slot-plane-antenna (SPA) technique. In some embodiments, the plasma also includes a reducing agent.

Abstract: An apparatus for handling a semiconductor wafer includes an upper wafer holder that has a front surface, and a compliant ring that is mounted around the upper wafer holder and has a front surface. The front surface of the compliant ring is flush with the front surface of the upper wafer holder and extends from the front surface of the upper wafer holder in a radial direction without extending beyond the front surface of the wafer holder in an axial direction. A method includes providing a first wafer with a bonding surface and back surface, the back surface of the wafer in contact with the front surfaces of the wafer holder and the compliant ring. The first wafer contacts a second wafer so a bond forms between the wafers in a radial direction, the compliant ring flexibly restricting the movement of the first wafer relative to the second wafer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a new wet atomic layer etch (ALE) process for etching copper. More specifically, the present disclosure provides various embodiments of methods that utilize new etch chemistries for etching copper in a wet ALE process. By utilizing the new etch chemistries disclosed herein within a wet ALE process, the present disclosure provides a highly selective etch of copper with monolayer precision.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a new wet atomic layer etch (ALE) process for etching copper. More specifically, the present disclosure provides various embodiments of methods that utilize new etch chemistries for etching copper in a wet ALE process. By utilizing the new etch chemistries disclosed herein within a wet ALE process, the present disclosure provides a highly selective etch of copper with monolayer precision.

Abstract: A method of etching a metal includes performing at least two cycles of an etch process. A cycle of the etch process includes: performing a surface modification on an exposed surface of a metal layer over a substrate, performing a hydrogen treatment on the metal layer, and performing a cleaning treatment on the metal layer. The hydrogen treatment forms a layer of reaction products on the metal layer. The cleaning treatment removes the layer of reaction products.