Abstract: Apparatus and methods for data communications are disclosed. In a disclosed arrangement, there is provided an apparatus for data communications, comprising: a detector for detecting electromagnetic radiation; a decoder for obtaining information from the detected electromagnetic radiation; and a concentration stage for receiving and concentrating the radiation, prior to detection of the radiation by the detector, the concentration stage comprising a wavelength converting element configured to convert radiation to longer wavelength radiation.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEMS) device has a movable member supported above a substrate on a via support. The member and via support are fabricated integrally from first and second member forming layers. A first member forming layer forms a lower part of the member and supporting structure for the via support. First and second fill layers are deposited and patterned to form a plug that fills an inner cavity opening in the via structure. The plug is planarized to a planar part of the first member forming layer, and a second member forming layer is deposited over the first member forming layer and the planarized plug to form an upper part of the member. In an example micromirror device, metal layers define a movable mirror member supported on a via support which has a cavity filled by BARC layers. The BARC layers are planarized to a planar portion of a first metal layer and a second metal layer is formed over the first metal layer planar portion and planarized BARC layer plug.

Abstract: This patent discloses inventive methods and systems for automatically monitoring an electronic information stream for the occurrence of preconfigured trigger condition, such as the presence of keywords, images, and other identifiable stream content. Upon recognition of the preconfigured trigger condition, the inventive methods and systems automatically make a donation, send a counter-statement, or take some other preconfigured advocacy action related to the stream and trigger condition.

Abstract: Data traffic is routed from a customer edge (CE) router to an Ethernet services router via a generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnel. Upon routing the data traffic from the CE router to the Ethernet services router, the data traffic is routed from the Ethernet services router to an aggregation switch. Upon routing the data traffic from the Ethernet services router to the aggregation switch, the data traffic is routed from the aggregation switch to a service switch through a security module, the security module configured to filter the data traffic. The filtered data traffic is routed from the service switch to the Ethernet services router. Upon routing the filtered data traffic from the service switch to the Ethernet services router, the filtered data traffic is routed from the Ethernet services router to a provider edge (PE) router.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method comprises obtaining data identifying a buyer of tickets for a venue and obtaining data from the ticket buyer identifying at least one section within the venue. The method obtains data identifying (i) a maximum amount the ticket buyer would spend for a first ticket associated with a most favorable seat within the section; and optionally (ii) a maximum amount the ticket buyer would spend for a second ticket associated with the least favorable seat. The method then provides an algorithm that receives the data that the ticket buyer identified. The algorithm generates a plurality hypothetical acceptable tickets representative of the ticket buyer. The method then generates a matrix comprising of the ticket buyer's bids and extrapolated hypothetical bids to give other ticket buyers and tickets sellers' feedback to adjust bids and asks or provides the sellers the ability to execute a transaction.

Abstract: Data traffic is routed from a customer edge (CE) router to an Ethernet services router via a generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnel. Upon routing the data traffic from the CE router to the Ethernet services router, the data traffic is routed from the Ethernet services router to an aggregation switch. Upon routing the data traffic from the Ethernet services router to the aggregation switch, the data traffic is routed from the aggregation switch to a service switch through a security module, the security module configured to filter the data traffic. The filtered data traffic is routed from the service switch to the Ethernet services router. Upon routing the filtered data traffic from the service switch to the Ethernet services router, the filtered data traffic is routed from the Ethernet services router to a provider edge (PE) router.

Abstract: A catalytic heat exchanger comprises a first channel and a second channel, separated by a partition wall. Catalyst coated metal substrates are removably inserted into the first or the second channel or both, which facilitates catalytic reactions in the channel. Energy released in the reaction in one channel is transferred through the partition wall to heat the fluid in the other channel. The catalytic heat exchangers can be used in a fuel processing system to convert hydrocarbon fuels to a hydrogen rich reformate.

Abstract: An optical wireless local area network using line of sight optical links. The base station and terminal stations are provided with optical transceivers which include a transmitter array and detector array. The transmitter array consists of an array of resonant cavity light emitting diodes integrated using flip-chip technology with a CMOS driver circuit. The driver circuit includes constant bias, current peaking and charge extraction. The driver circuitry is compact and can be confined within a region underlying the corresponding light source. The detector array consists of an array of photo diodes, provided with sense circuitry consisting of a pre-amplifier and post-amplifier. The diodes and sense circuitry are also integrated using a flip-chip technique. The light emitter and the detector may include adaptive optical elements to steer and/or focus the light beams.

Abstract: Methods of treating nerve entrapment syndromes and/or the pain associated with nerve entrapment syndromes using botulinum type B toxin are disclosed. These methods involve, for example, injections of botulinum type B toxin to the tissue impinging on the nerve and/or the interstitial area around the nerve and/or the connective tissue surrounding the nerve.

Abstract: A data mining system directed to industrial applications gathers data remotely from a plurality of industrial plants or sites and makes the gathered data available over a network to a user running a data mining application or on-line analytical process means to generate and, if desired, visualize results. Access to a service of this nature may be made available in connection with an on-line service, such as a website, that also provides access to industrial products and services. Subscribers to the on-line service, who may be charged a fee to subscribe, may be given an incentive to continue their subscription in the form of an offer of free or reduced-cost access to the above-described data mining system during their on-line service sessions.

Abstract: An optical wireless local area network using line of sight optical links. The base station and terminal stations are provided with optical transceivers which include a transmitter array and detector array. The transmitter array consists of an array of resonant cavity light emitting diodes integrated using flip-chip technology with a CMOS driver circuit. The driver circuit includes constant bias, current peaking and charge extraction. The driver circuitry is compact and can be confined within a region underlying the corresponding light source. The detector array consists of an array of photo diodes, provided with sense circuitry consisting of a pre-amplifier and post-amplifier. The diodes and sense circuitry are also integrated using a flip-chip technique. The light emitter and the detector may include adaptive optical elements to steer and/or focus the light beams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts of transition metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes, their methods of preparation and their use in chemical synthesis. The synthesis, ease-of-use, and activity of the compounds of the present invention are substantial improvements over in situ catalyst generation. Further, the transition metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes of the present invention may be used as precatalysts in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of treating a livestock footbath solution comprising adding an alkali metal bisulfate to the solution. The invention also relates to a method of treating a livestock footbath solution comprising adding to the solution a blend of an alkali metal bisulfate and a material to treat a bacterial disease. The invention also relates to a method of treating a livestock footbath solution comprising rotating the addition to the solution of an alkali metal bisulfate and a material to treat a bacterial disease.

Abstract: A fuel cell power plant comprises a fuel processor and a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack has cooling water directly passing through its anode or cathode compartments. The high humidity cathode exhaust may be used to provide oxygen and steam for the autothermal reaction in the fuel processor, and may also be used in a combustor to generate heat and combustion exhaust. The combustion exhaust can be used to drive a turbine to generate power.

Abstract: A one-arm data center topology routes traffic between internal sub-nets and between a sub-net and an outside network through a common chain of services. The data center topology employs layer 4 services on a common chassis or platform to provide routing and firewall services while reducing the number of devices necessary to implement the data center and simplifying configuration. Load balancing is provided by a load balancing device. In the one-arm topology, policy based routing or client network address translations or NAT pushes traffic to the CSM.

Abstract: An optical wireless local area network using line of sight optical links. The base station and terminal stations are provided with optical transceivers which include a transmitter array and detector array. The transmitter array consists of an array of resonant cavity light emitting diodes integrated using flip-chip technology with a CMOS driver circuit. The driver circuit includes constant bias, current peaking and charge extraction. The driver circuitry is compact and can be confined within a region underlying the corresponding light source. The detector array consists of an array of photo diodes, provided with sense circuitry consisting of a pre-amplifier and post-amplifier. The diodes and senses circuitry are also integrated using a flig-chip technique. The light emitter and the detector may include adaptive optical elements to steer and/or focus the light beams.

Abstract: An optical wireless local area network using line of sight optical links. The base station and terminal stations are provided with optical transceivers which include a transmitter array and detector array. The transmitter array consists of an array of resonant cavity light emitting diodes integrated using flip-chip technology with a CMOS driver circuit. The driver circuit includes constant bias, current peaking and charge extraction. The driver circuitry is compact and can be confined within a region underlying the corresponding light source. The detector array consists of an array of photo diodes, provided with sense circuitry consisting of a pre-amplifier and post-amplifier. The diodes and senses and the detector may include adaptive optical elements to steer and/or focus the light beams.

Abstract: Methods of treating nerve entrapment syndromes and/or the pain associated with nerve entrapment syndromes using botulinum type B toxin are disclosed. These methods involve, for example, injections of botulinum type B toxin to the tissue impinging on the nerve and/or the interstitial area around the nerve and/or the connective tissue surrounding the nerve.

Abstract: An apparatus that has a feedback circuit that couples a wireless receive channel to a frequency synthesizer. A method that reduces an offset in a baseband signal by changing a downconversion frequency in response to the offset.