Abstract: This invention relates to Tribal Abstraction Networks (TAN), a new type of Abstraction Network designed for hierarchies that do not have attribute relationships, assuming only the existence of multiple parents. A Tribal Association network can summarize the content and structure of terminology hierarchies and support their Quality Assurance (QA) by identifying concepts with a higher likelihood of incorrect or missing IS-A relationships.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing suggested completions to search results are disclosed which employ locating nodes in a stored ontology, wherein nodes consist of classes or instances of information, that correspond to the at least one search term, retrieving neighbors of located nodes in the stored ontology, and generating suggested completions in a format which separates homonymic terms. Methods and apparatus are disclosed for building ontologies and dynamically expanding ontologies.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing suggested completions to search results are disclosed which employ locating nodes in a stored ontology, wherein nodes consist of classes or instances of information, that correspond to the at least one search term, retrieving neighbors of located nodes in the stored ontology, and generating suggested completions in a format which separates homonymic terms. Methods and apparatus are disclosed for building ontologies and dynamically expanding ontologies.

Abstract: A bead construct includes a bead, a fluorophore molecule, first and second linker molecules and a ligand molecule. The fluorophore molecule comprises at least two subunits connected to each other by at least one internal linker that provides conformational freedom to the at least two subunits. An optical signal emitted by the fluorophore molecule changes when reducing the conformational freedom of the at least two subunits to each other. The first linker molecule is connected to the bead and to one of the subunits of the flurophore molecule. The second linker molecule is connected to another one of the subunits of the fluorophore molecule. The ligand molecule is connected to the second linker molecule.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing suggested completions to search results are disclosed which employ locating nodes in a stored ontology, wherein nodes consist of classes or instances of information, that correspond to the at least one search term, retrieving neighbors of located nodes in the stored ontology, and generating suggested completions in a format which separates homonymic terms. Methods and apparatus are disclosed for building ontologies and dynamically expanding ontologies.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer polymer assembly comprising polymer layers covalently bonded together by crosslinks comprising a cyclic moiety, and to processes for the preparation thereof.