Abstract: A method is provided for debiasing machine learning models. The method includes obtaining (i) an initial model that is a trained and tree-based machine learning model and (ii) a minimum acceptable threshold accuracy, for (iii) one or more protected classes. The initial model demonstrates adverse impact on one or more protected classes. The method includes identifying branches of the initial model to prune, based on the branches' impact on one or more protected classes. The method includes applying a pruning algorithm to prune the branches of the initial model to generate one or more forest models, such that (i) predictive accuracy of the one or more forest models is above the minimum threshold accuracy, and (ii) the one or more forest models are less discriminatory than the initial mode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems used to deliver a prosthetic heart valve to a deficient valve. In one embodiment, for instance, a support structure and an expandable prosthetic valve are advanced through the aortic arch of a patient using a delivery system. The support structure is delivered to a position on or adjacent to the surface of the outflow side of the aortic valve (the support structure defining a support-structure interior). The expandable prosthetic valve is delivered into the aortic valve and into the support-structure interior. The expandable prosthetic heart valve is expanded while the expandable prosthetic heart valve is in the support-structure interior and while the support structure is at the position on or adjacent to the surface of the outflow side of the aortic valve, thereby causing one or more native leaflets of the aortic valve to be frictionally secured between the support structure and the expanded prosthetic heart valve.

Abstract: A toy is used for play between two players who grasp and tug at the toy in an attempt to wrest the toy from the other player's grasp. The toy has a solid body with two identical lobes arranged on a long axis of the body on opposed sides of the body. The lobes each have a truncated ovate shape with a base, and the bases of the lobes proximate to each other. The lobes are rotationally offset with respect to each other about the long axis.

Abstract: Methods, systems, means and machine-readable media embodying program instructions for creating codes, creating content with the codes, and tracking use of the codes are described. Certain methods may generate a code that includes a number of characters, determine different sections in selected content at which to insert different characters of the code such that none of the characters will be inserted in the same section, and generate new content that includes each of the characters inserted at its respective section in the selected content.