Abstract: A TCP intermediate device receives a SYN packet from a TCP client that is destined for a TCP origin server and indicates support for TCP fast open (TFO). A SYN-ACK packet is transmitted to the TCP client that includes a TFO cookie set by the TCP intermediate device. The TCP intermediate device receives a first ACK packet from the TCP client. A SYN packet is sent to the TCP origin server and a second SYN-ACK packet is received in response that does not indicate support for TFO. An ACK packet to the TCP origin server. Sometime after the TCP connection is completed, the TCP intermediate device receives a SYN packet from the TCP client that includes the TFO cookie and a payload of data. The TCP intermediate device establishes a TCP connection with the TCP origin server and transmits the payload of data to the TCP origin server.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for traffic optimization in virtual private networks (VPNs). A client device establishes a first VPN connection with a first server based on first VPN credentials. Traffic is transmitted and received through the first VPN connection to and from the first server. A second server is identified based on traffic optimization criteria that need to be satisfied by the VPN connection. Upon receipt of the identification of the second server the client device is to use the second server as a destination of a second VPN connection. The second VPN connection satisfies a set of traffic optimization goals for at least one flow from the flows forwarded through the first VPN connection. Based on the identification of the second server, the client device establishes the second VPN connection for the flow between the client device and the second server.

Abstract: A method and a VPN server for VPN route optimization are described. The VPN server establishes a first VPN connection with a first client device and a second VPN connection with a second client device. The VPN server determines that the first and second client devices are part of a same local network; and responsive to determining that the first and the second client devices are part of the same local network, transmits, to the first client device through the first VPN connection, a second public network address of the second client device, and to the second client device through the second VPN connection, a first public network address of the first client device. The transmission of the first and second public network addresses causes the first client device to determine an optimal route from the first client device to the second client device for the traffic in the VPN.

Abstract: A request is received from a client device over a Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnel. The request is received at a first one of a plurality of edge servers of a distributed cloud computing network. A destination of the request is determined and an optimized route for transmitting the request toward an origin server is determined. The optimized route is based at least in part on probe data between edge servers of the distributed cloud computing network. The request is transmitted to a next hop as defined by the optimized route.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for traffic optimization in virtual private networks (VPNs). A client device establishes a first VPN connection with a first server based on first VPN credentials. Traffic is transmitted and received through the first VPN connection to and from the first server. A second server is identified based on traffic optimization criteria that need to be satisfied by the VPN connection. Upon receipt of the identification of the second server the client device is to use the second server as a destination of a second VPN connection. The second VPN connection satisfies a set of traffic optimization goals for at least one flow from the flows forwarded through the first VPN connection. Based on the identification of the second server, the client device establishes the second VPN connection for the flow between the client device and the second server.

Abstract: An edge server of a distributed edge compute and routing service receives a tunnel connection request from a tunnel client residing on an origin server, that requests a tunnel be established between the edge server and the tunnel client. The request identifies the hostname that is to be tunneled. An IP address is assigned for the tunnel. DNS record(s) are added or changed that associate the hostname with the assigned IP address. Routing rules are installed in the edge servers of the distributed edge compute and routing service to reach the edge server for the tunneled hostname. The edge server receives a request for a resource of the tunneled hostname from another edge server that received the request from a client, where the other edge server is not connected to the origin server. The request is transmitted from the edge server to the origin server over the tunnel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for traffic optimization in virtual private networks (VPNs). A client device establishes a first VPN connection with a first server based on first VPN credentials. Traffic is transmitted and received through the first VPN connection to and from the first server. A second server is identified based on traffic optimization criteria that need to be satisfied by the VPN connection. Upon receipt of the identification of the second server the client device is to use the second server as a destination of a second VPN connection. The second VPN connection satisfies a set of traffic optimization goals for at least one flow from the flows forwarded through the first VPN connection. Based on the identification of the second server, the client device establishes the second VPN connection for the flow between the client device and the second server.

Abstract: An edge server of a distributed edge compute and routing service receives a tunnel connection request from a tunnel client residing on an origin server, that requests a tunnel be established between the edge server and the tunnel client. The request identifies the hostname that is to be tunneled. An IP address is assigned for the tunnel. DNS record(s) are added or changed that associate the hostname with the assigned IP address. Routing rules are installed in the edge servers of the distributed edge compute and routing service to reach the edge server for the tunneled hostname. The edge server receives a request for a resource of the tunneled hostname from another edge server that received the request from a client, where the other edge server is not connected to the origin server. The request is transmitted from the edge server to the origin server over the tunnel.

Abstract: An edge server of a distributed edge compute and routing service receives a tunnel connection request from a tunnel client residing on an origin server, that requests a tunnel be established between the edge server and the tunnel client. The request identifies the hostname that is to be tunneled. An IP address is assigned for the tunnel. DNS record(s) are added or changed that associate the hostname with the assigned IP address. Routing rules are installed in the edge servers of the distributed edge compute and routing service to reach the edge server for the tunneled hostname. The edge server receives a request for a resource of the tunneled hostname from another edge server that received the request from a client, where the other edge server is not connected to the origin server. The request is transmitted from the edge server to the origin server over the tunnel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for traffic optimization in virtual private networks (VPNs). A client device establishes a first VPN connection with a first server based on first VPN credentials. Traffic is transmitted and received through the first VPN connection to and from the first server. A second server is identified based on traffic optimization criteria that need to be satisfied by the VPN connection. Upon receipt of the identification of the second server the client device is to use the second server as a destination of a second VPN connection. The second VPN connection satisfies a set of traffic optimization goals for at least one flow from the flows forwarded through the first VPN connection. Based on the identification of the second server, the client device establishes the second VPN connection for the flow between the client device and the second server.

Abstract: An edge server of a distributed edge compute and routing service receives a tunnel connection request from a tunnel client residing on an origin server, that requests a tunnel be established between the edge server and the tunnel client. The request identifies the hostname that is to be tunneled. An IP address is assigned for the tunnel. DNS record(s) are added or changed that associate the hostname with the assigned IP address. Routing rules are installed in the edge servers of the distributed edge compute and routing service to reach the edge server for the tunneled hostname. The edge server receives a request for a resource of the tunneled hostname from another edge server that received the request from a client, where the other edge server is not connected to the origin server. The request is transmitted from the edge server to the origin server over the tunnel.

Abstract: A server receives a SYN packet and generates a SYN packet signature from the SYN packet. The server generates multiple aggregate signatures for the SYN packet signature that each include a generalized value for at least one element, where each aggregate signature has a different level of specificity and corresponds with a different fingerprint table. The server sequentially iterates through the fingerprint tables starting with the most specific aggregate signature and the most specific fingerprint table until a match exceeding a counter threshold is found, if any. If an aggregate signature does not match a fingerprint in a fingerprint table, the aggregate signature is added to that fingerprint table and an initial value for the counter is set. A bytecode using an attack fingerprint as input is generated in a form understandable by a network filter, and installed in a network filter.