Abstract: A hat-stringer assembly for an aircraft comprises a hat stringer with a first hat-stringer leg, a second hat-stringer leg, a first hat-stringer sidewall, a connecting wall, a second hat-stringer sidewall, and a ventilation opening, extending through the connecting wall. The hat stringer assembly also comprises a fitting, comprising a first channel member in contact with the first hat-stringer sidewall and the first hat-stringer leg. The fitting also comprises a second channel member in contact with the second hat-stringer sidewall and the second hat-stringer leg. The fitting further comprises a web cap, in contact with the first channel member and the second channel member. The web cap comprises a web-cap opening, which is in fluidic communication with the ventilation opening.

Abstract: A method for quantitatively evaluating the expected ultrasonic inspectability of a designed part using ray tracing. First, a model of a part imported. Materials having different indices of refraction are selected for the part and an acoustic coupling medium. Then the following structures and positional relationships are defined: an ultrasonic transducer array comprising a plurality of elements, a position of the acoustic coupling medium between the transducer array and the part, and a plurality of positions of a transmit aperture relative to the part. For each defined position of the transmit aperture, a path of a respective ray is traced from a center of the transmit aperture through the part and then to a respective receive location on the transducer array. Also, a respective value of an inspectability margin is calculated based at least in part on a respective distance between a center of the receive aperture and the respective receive location.

Abstract: A vented hat stringer for an aircraft comprises a first hat-stringer leg with a first-hat-stringer-leg surface, a second hat-stringer leg with a second-hat-stringer-leg surface, a first hat-stringer sidewall, a second hat-stringer sidewall, and a hat-stringer connecting wall, comprising a hat-stringer-connecting-wall surface and a virtual hat-stringer-connecting-wall symmetry plane, passing through hat-stringer connecting wall. The vented hat stringer further comprises a ventilation opening, extending through at least one of the first hat-stringer sidewall or the hat-stringer connecting wall, or extending through at least one of the second hat-stringer sidewall or the hat-stringer connecting wall. The ventilation opening defines a ventilation-opening centerline, wherein the ventilation-opening centerline does not coincide with the virtual hat-stringer-connecting-wall symmetry plane.

Abstract: A vented hat stringer for an aircraft comprises a first hat-stringer leg with a first-hat-stringer-leg surface, a second hat-stringer leg with a second-hat-stringer-leg surface, a first hat-stringer sidewall, a second hat-stringer sidewall, and a hat-stringer connecting wall, comprising a hat-stringer-connecting-wall surface and a virtual hat-stringer-connecting-wall symmetry plane, passing through hat-stringer connecting wall. The vented hat stringer further comprises a ventilation opening, extending through at least one of the first hat-stringer sidewall or the hat-stringer connecting wall, or extending through at least one of the second hat-stringer sidewall (116) or the hat-stringer connecting wall. The ventilation opening defines a ventilation-opening centerline, wherein the ventilation-opening centerline does not coincide with the virtual hat-stringer-connecting-wall symmetry plane.

Abstract: A hat-stringer assembly (100) for an aircraft (500) comprises a hat stringer (110) with a first hat-stringer leg (140), a second hat-stringer leg (150), a first hat-stringer sidewall (114), a connecting wall (112), a second hat-stringer sidewall (116), and a ventilation opening (128), extending through the connecting wall (112). The hat stringer assembly (100) also comprises a fitting (200), comprising a first channel member (210) in contact with the first hat-stringer sidewall (114) and the first hat-stringer leg (140). The fitting (200) also comprises a second channel member (240) in contact with the second hat-stringer sidewall (116) and the second hat-stringer leg (150). The fitting (200) further comprises a web cap (260), in contact with the first channel member (210) and the second channel member (240). The web cap (260) comprises a web-cap opening (262), which is in fluidic communication with the ventilation opening (128).

Abstract: A method for quantitatively evaluating the expected ultrasonic inspectability of a designed part using ray tracing. First, a model of a part imported. Materials having different indices of refraction are selected for the part and an acoustic coupling medium. Then the following structures and positional relationships are defined: an ultrasonic transducer array comprising a plurality of elements, a position of the acoustic coupling medium between the transducer array and the part, and a plurality of positions of a transmit aperture relative to the part. For each defined position of the transmit aperture, a path of a respective ray is traced from a center of the transmit aperture through the part and then to a respective receive location on the transducer array. Also, a respective value of an inspectability margin is calculated based at least in part on a respective distance between a center of the receive aperture and the respective receive location.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for removing material from a surface of a carrier. The apparatus comprises a buckling mechanism that comprises a gripper configured to engage the material. When engaged with the material, the gripper is movable relative to the surface of the carrier to move the material relative to the surface of the carrier and to form a buckle in the material. The apparatus also comprises a separation mechanism that is coupled to the buckling mechanism and comprises a wedge that is movable relative to the surface of the carrier to be insertable into the buckle formed in the material.

Abstract: A method of forming a tool includes applying a first build ply to an initial ply. A second build ply is applied to the first build ply. Successive build plies are applied to build on the second build ply, the successive build plies including a medial section of build plies and a last build ply. A surface defined by the last build ply, the first build ply, and leading edges of the build plies therebetween define a substantially curvature-continuous surface profile extending between a first segment and a second segment. A shape of the substantially curvature-continuous surface profile is determined based on an adjusted ply drop ratio for at least a portion of the successive build plies.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for removing material from a surface of a carrier. The apparatus comprises a buckling mechanism that comprises a gripper configured to engage the material. When engaged with the material, the gripper is movable relative to the surface of the carrier to move the material relative to the surface of the carrier and to form a buckle in the material. The apparatus also comprises a separation mechanism that is coupled to the buckling mechanism and comprises a wedge that is movable relative to the surface of the carrier to be insertable into the buckle formed in the material.

Abstract: A method of forming a tool includes applying a first build ply to an initial ply. A second build ply is applied to the first build ply. Successive build plies are applied to build on the second build ply, the successive build plies including a medial section of build plies and a last build ply. A surface defined by the last build ply, the first build ply, and leading edges of the build plies therebetween define a substantially curvature-continuous surface profile extending between a first segment and a second segment. A shape of the substantially curvature-continuous surface profile is determined based on an adjusted ply drop ratio for at least a portion of the successive build plies.