Abstract: The present invention relates to sensors for detecting the presence or measuring the concentration of a target analyte, the sensor comprising: (i) a first phase comprising a first crosslinked polymer; (ii) a second phase comprising a second crosslinked polymer; and (ill) a target analyte recognition agent; the first phase and second phase arranged to form an optical grating. The first crosslinked polymer comprises low amounts of a crosslinking agent. The present invention also relates to methods of making a sensor for detecting the presence or measuring the concentration of a target analyte.

Abstract: A sensing system which comprises a material (30) formed of a matrix and a plurality of non-insulating particles (40) substantially equally spaced within the matrix such that the material has coherent electrical periodicity in at least one dimension; and a receiver (10), the receiver arranged to receive a source RF signal and a returned RF signal, the source RF signal being reflected by the non-insulating particles to produce the returned RF signal. A change in the position of one or more of the non-insulating particles causes the returned RF signal to change, such that a change in a property of the material can be determined from the returned RF signal.

Abstract: A method for the production of a holographic sensor which comprises a support medium supporting a reflection hologram wherein the support medium interacts with its physical or chemical environment to create an optical response which is a change in one or more optical properties of the hologram, the method comprising the steps of: a) introducing a colloidal dispersion of a recording material into the support medium; and b) ablating the colloidal particles of the recording material using a pulsed laser to form the holographic element in the support medium. The method of production can be used to introduce a reflection holographic grating into a hydrophobic support medium, in particular, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which possesses an extraordinary ability to swell in the presence of both liquid and/or gaseous low molecular weight hydrocarbons and organic solvents and thus has many applications as a holographic sensor.

Abstract: A method for the production of a holographic sensor which comprises a support medium supporting a reflection hologram wherein the support medium interacts with its physical or chemical environment to create an optical response which is a change in one or more optical properties of the hologram, the method comprising the steps of: a) introducing a colloidal dispersion of a recording material into the support medium; and b) ablating the colloidal particles of the recording material using a pulsed laser to form the holographic element in the support medium. The method of production can be used to introduce a reflection holographic grating into a hydrophobic support medium, in particular, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which possesses an extraordinary ability to swell in the presence of both liquid and/or gaseous low molecular weight hydrocarbons and organic solvents and thus has many applications as a holographic sensor.

Abstract: A sensing system which comprises a material (30) formed of a matrix and a plurality of non-insulating particles (40) substantially equally spaced within the matrix such that the material has coherent electrical periodicity in at least one dimension; and a receiver (10), the receiver arranged to receive a source RF signal and a returned RF signal, the source RF signal being reflected by the non-insulating particles to produce the returned RF signal. A change in the position of one or more of the non-insulating particles causes the returned RF signal to change, such that a change in a property of the material can be determined from the returned RF signal.

Abstract: A sensor comprises respective acceptor and donor compounds immobilised in or on a matrix including a glucose-binding boronate and a cationic species, whereby the spacing between the acceptor and donor compounds is reduced in the presence of glucose. For example a holographic sensor comprises a glucose-binding boronate and a cationic species held within the sensor.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device which comprises a holographic element comprising a medium comprising a phenylboronic acid group and, disposed therein, a hologram, wherein an optical characteristic of the element changes as a result of a variation of a physical property of the medium, and wherein the variation arises as a result of interaction between the medium and an analyte present in an ocular fluid.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of an analyte, comprising a holographic element comprising a medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the hologram changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium, wherein the medium is obtainable by formation in situ in the presence of a pore-forming agent, wherein the agent is not present in the sensor or does not react with the analyte and the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to compounds and polymers which incorporate a boronic acid sensor group (SG) of the formula (I): wherein: J is independently —CH2— or —CH2CH2—; n is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; and each RR, if present, is independently a ring substituent; and wherein the ring attachment (i.e., where sensor group is attached) is via the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-ring position. Such compounds and polymers are useful in the selective chemical detection and/or quantitation of alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids, such as lactic acid/lactate and malic acid/malate. The present invention also pertains to methods of preparing such compounds and polymers; methods and assays which employ these compounds and polymers; devices (e.g., holographic sensors) and kits for use in such methods and assays, etc.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of an analyte comprising a cis-diol moiety, which comprises a holographic element comprising a medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the element changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium, and wherein the medium is a polymer comprising a group of formula (i) wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each X (if present) is independently is an atom or group which, via an electronic effect, promotes formation of a tetrahedral geometry about the boron atom; and Y is a spacer which, when n is 0 or otherwise optionally, is an atom or group which, via an electronic effect, promotes formation of a tetrahedral geometry about the boron atom. Such a sensor may be used for the detection of glucose.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device which comprises a holographic element comprising a medium comprising a phenylboronic acid group and, disposed therein, a hologram, wherein an optical characteristic of the element changes as a result of a variation of a physical property of the medium, and wherein the variation arises as a result of interaction between the medium and an analyte present in an ocular fluid.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of an analyte comprising a cis-diol moiety, which comprises a holographic element comprising a medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the element changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium, and wherein the medium is a polymer comprising a group of formula (I): wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each X (if present) is independently is an atom or group which, via an electronic effect, promotes formation of a tetrahedral geometry about the boron atom; and Y is a spacer which, when n is 0 or otherwise optionally, is an atom or group which, via an electronic effect, promotes formation of a tetrahedral geometry about the boron atom. Such a sensor may be used for the detection of glucose.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device which comprises a holographic element comprising a medium comprising a phenylboronic acid group and, disposed therein, a hologram, wherein an optical characteristic of the element changes as a result of a variation of a physical property of the medium, and wherein the variation arises as a result of interaction between the medium and an analyte present in an ocular fluid.

Abstract: A method for the production of a holographic sensor which comprises a support medium supporting a reflection hologram wherein the support medium interacts with its physical or chemical environment to create an optical response which is a change in one or more optical properties of the hologram, the method comprising the steps of: a) introducing a colloidal dispersion of a recording material into the support medium; and b) ablating the colloidal particles of the recording material using a pulsed laser to form the holographic element in the support medium. The method of production can be used to introduce a reflection holographic grating into a hydrophobic support medium, in particular, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which possesses an extraordinary ability to swell in the presence of both liquid and/or gaseous low molecular weight hydrocarbons and organic solvents and thus has many applications as a holographic sensor.

Abstract: A sensor which comprises a support medium and a hologram disposed therein, wherein an optical characteristic of the medium varies as a result of a change of a property of the medium, and wherein the medium is heterogeneous such that the change of property is heterogeneous.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the detection of an analyte in a sample, comprising a) bringing the sample into contact with a first ligand which binds specifically to the analyte and which is immobilized on a substrate, and b) prior to or subsequent to step (a), bringing the sample into contact with a second ligand which binds specifically to the analyte and which includes a label: wherein the substrate comprises a holographic sensor comprising a support medium having a hologram disposed therein or thereon and the label causes an optical property of the sensor to change by interaction of the sensor with the label or, following the additional step of contacting the substrate with a reagent, by interaction of the sensor with a species produced by reaction of the label with the reagent, thereby indicating the presence of bound analyte.

Abstract: A sensing method, which comprises subjecting a holographic sensor to an external physical interaction to which the sensor is sensitive, and observing a change in the holographic image.

Abstract: The invention provides biomolecule binding ligands, collections of biomolecule binding ligands, and their use in the purification of biological mixtures and in the identification of ligands having an affinity for a substance.

Abstract: An acoustic sensor comprises at least one resonant element. A driver comprises an electrical coupling means and an electromagnetic field source arranged such that the electrical coupling means transfers currents to the electromagnetic field source. The electromagnetic field source produces an electromagnetic field that drives the resonant elements to produce acoustic waves directed to a predetermined part of a test sample. Also provided is an electromagnetic detector for receiving the acoustic spectrum omitted from a test sample and an electrical circuit connected to the drive around detector.

Abstract: Provided is a remote sensing apparatus comprising: (a) an electromagnetic field detector and (b) an acoustic resonator comprising an electromagnetic field generator and a sensing material in wireless communication with the generator; wherein the sensing material is in wireless communication with the detector, and an acoustic property of the sensing material is responsive to a change in state of an environment to which the sensing material is exposed, and wherein the sensing material is in the form of one or more particles and/or fragments.