Abstract: An immobilized chalcogen system or body includes a mixture or combination of chalcogen and carbon. The carbon can be in the form of a carbon skeleton. The chalcogen can include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or a combination of any two or more of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. The activation energy for chalcogen to escape the immobilized chalcogen system or body is ?96 kJ/mole.

Abstract: An immobilized chalcogen system or body includes a mixture or combination of chalcogen and carbon. The carbon can be in the form of a carbon skeleton. The chalcogen can include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or a combination of any two or more of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. The activation energy for chalcogen to escape the immobilized chalcogen system or body is ?96 kJ/mole.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a first electrode having 50 wt.% to 99 wt.% immobilized sulfur, 1 wt. % to 12 wt.% binder, and 0.2 wt.% to 12 wt.% porous composition. The porous composition includes 0.0001 wt.% to 40 wt.% of a first porous material having an average pore size less of than 2 nm and 0.05 wt.% to 40 wt.% of a second porous material having an average pore size of 2 nm to 100 nm. The electrochemical device further includes a second electrode opposed from the first electrode and an electrolyte positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator operable in a bulk acoustic mode includes a resonator body mounted to a separate carrier that is not part of the resonator body. The resonator body includes a piezoelectric layer, a device layer, and a top conductive layer on the piezoelectric layer opposite the device layer. The piezoelectric layer is a single crystal of LiNbO3 cut at an angle of 130°±30°. A surface of the device layer opposite the piezoelectric layer is for mounting the resonator body to the carrier.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator operable in a bulk acoustic mode includes a resonator body mounted to a separate carrier that is not part of the resonator body. The resonator body includes a piezoelectric layer, a device layer, and a top conductive layer on the piezoelectric layer opposite the device layer. The piezoelectric layer is a single crystal of LiNbO3 cut at an angle of 130°±30°. A surface of the device layer opposite the piezoelectric layer is for mounting the resonator body to the carrier.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator operable in a bulk acoustic mode includes a resonator body mounted to a separate carrier that is not part of the resonator body. The resonator body includes a piezoelectric layer, a device layer, and a top conductive layer on the piezoelectric layer opposite the device layer. The piezoelectric layer is a single crystal of LiNbO3 cut at an angle of 130°±30°. A surface of the device layer opposite the piezoelectric layer is for mounting the resonator body to the carrier.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator operable in a bulk acoustic mode includes a resonator body mounted to a separate carrier that is not part of the resonator body. The resonator body includes a piezoelectric layer, a device layer, and a top conductive layer on the piezoelectric layer opposite the device layer. The piezoelectric layer is a single crystal of LiNbO3 cut at an angle of 130°±30°. A surface of the device layer opposite the piezoelectric layer is for mounting the resonator body to the carrier.

Abstract: The optical receiver portion of an optical sensing system (such as, for example, a LIDAR system) includes a tunable narrowband optical filter that is used in combination with a feedback element to continuously monitor the received (reflected) optical signal and adjust the center wavelength of the narrowband optical filter to follow recognized shifts in the source wavelength. These slight adjustments to the center wavelength of the optical filter (as controlled by the feedback element) ensure that the passband of the optical filter tracks any shift/drift in the source wavelength, without requiring any direct connection/wavelength monitoring between the source and the receiver, and also without the need to utilize complex wavelength stability configurations at the source.

Abstract: An immobilized chalcogen system or body includes a mixture or combination of chalcogen and carbon. The carbon can be in the form of a carbon skeleton. The chalcogen can include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or a combination of any two or more of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. The activation energy for chalcogen to escape the immobilized chalcogen system or body is ?96 kJ/mole.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator operable in a bulk acoustic mode includes a resonator body mounted to a separate carrier that is not part of the resonator body. The resonator body includes a piezoelectric layer, a device layer, and a top conductive layer on the piezoelectric layer opposite the device layer. The piezoelectric layer is a single crystal of LiNbO3 cut at an angle of 130°±30°. A surface of the device layer opposite the piezoelectric layer is for mounting the resonator body to the carrier.

Abstract: A densely-spaced wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transceiver utilizes a comb laser source to provide a multi-channel system capable of supporting at least twenty separate channels. The optical transmitter portion of the transceiver utilizes a double-pass (e.g., reflective) modulator configuration. The double-pass arrangement allows for a single grating (or other suitable dispersive element) to be used as a demultiplexer in combination with the comb laser source to separate the input optical beams into individual wavelength components, as well as a multiplexer for combining the plurality of separate modulated optical signals into a single, multi-channel DWDM optical output signal. The optical receiver portion of the transceiver includes a grating element to direct the multi-channel received optical signal into separate, wavelength-based channels, with the signal propagating along each channel directed into a separate photodiode.

Abstract: A multiport optical switch (such as an N×1 switch) is used to controllably select a specific incoming optical signal that is to be processed by an associated optical channel monitor (OCM). The OCM includes a tunable optical filter and photodetector arrangement, and is configured to measure the optical spectrum of the incoming optical signal and extract information associated with the various optical channels (wavelengths) forming the incoming optical signal (i.e., power, wavelength, OSNR and the like for each channel). The OCM also includes a signal processing component that generates a pair of output control signals, a first signal to control the wavelength scanning process of the tunable optical filter and a second signal to control the setting of the multiport optical switch.

Abstract: A multiport optical switch (such as an N×1 switch) is used to controllably select a specific incoming optical signal that is to be processed by an associated optical channel monitor (OCM). The OCM includes a tunable optical filter and photodetector arrangement, and is configured to measure the optical spectrum of the incoming optical signal and extract information associated with the various optical channels (wavelengths) forming the incoming optical signal (i.e., power, wavelength, OSNR and the like for each channel). The OCM also includes a signal processing component that generates a pair of output control signals, a first signal to control the wavelength scanning process of the tunable optical filter and a second signal to control the setting of the multiport optical switch.

Abstract: Spectrally filtering at least one input beam includes dispersing spectral components of at least one input beam at different respective angles in a spectral plane; changing at least some of the angles of the propagation axes of the dispersed spectral components so that the maximum angular separation among the propagation axes of the spectral components changes; receiving a plurality of the dispersed spectral components incident on a reflective surface at a location at which the central rays of each of the spectral components are incident at different points on the reflective surface; and tilting the reflective surface to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to a selected output path.

Abstract: Spectrally filtering at least one input beam includes dispersing spectral components of at least one input beam at different respective angles in a spectral plane; changing at least some of the angles of the propagation axes of the dispersed spectral components so that the maximum angular separation among the propagation axes of the spectral components changes; receiving a plurality of the dispersed spectral components incident on a reflective surface at a location at which the central rays of each of the spectral components are incident at different points on the reflective surface; and tilting the reflective surface to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to a selected output path.

Abstract: An optical wavelength routing device utilizes a free space optical beam propagating therethrough is provided. The device includes at least one optical fiber input, at least one optical fiber output, an optical element having an actuator with at least one tilt axis and a diffraction element having a surface thereon. The device also includes an optical beam-splitting element having spatially varying optical properties. An optical beam transfer arrangement is positioned between the optical element and the diffraction element such that tilt actuation of the optical element elicits a proportional change in an angle of incidence of the optical beam onto the diffraction element, wherein the center of rotation for the angular change is the surface of the diffraction element. Optical routing between the fiber input and the fiber output can be configured by the positioning of the optical element.

Abstract: Spectrally filtering at least one input beam includes: dispersing spectral components of at least one input beam at respective angles in a spectral plane; changing at least some of the angles of the propagation axes of the dispersed spectral components so that a plurality of the spectral components reflect from a single reflective surface; and tilting the reflective surface to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to an output spatial mode.

Abstract: For spectrally filtering at least one input beam, a first reflective element is configured to tilt to multiple tilt orientations that each corresponds to a different angle of propagation of at least one input beam. One or more optical elements are configured to change at least some of the relative angles of propagation of the input beam for different tilt orientations of the first reflective element. A spectrally dispersive element is configured to receive the input beam at a location at which the central ray of the input beam is incident at different points on the spectrally dispersive element for each of the tilt orientations, and configured to disperse spectral components of the input beam at different respective angles in a spectral plane. The first reflective element is configured to tilt to select at least one and fewer than all of the dispersed spectral components to be directed to a selected output path.

Abstract: An optical wavelength routing device utilizes a free space optical beam propagating therethrough is provided. The device includes at least one optical fiber input, at least one optical fiber output, an optical element having an actuator with at least one tilt axis and a diffraction element having a surface thereon. The device also includes an optical beam-splitting element having spatially varying optical properties. An optical beam transfer arrangement is positioned between the optical element and the diffraction element such that tilt actuation of the optical element elicits a proportional change in an angle of incidence of the optical beam onto the diffraction element, wherein the center of rotation for the angular change is the surface of the diffraction element. Optical routing between the fiber input and the fiber output can be configured by the positioning of the optical element.

Abstract: For spectrally filtering at least one input beam, a first reflective element is configured to tilt to multiple tilt orientations that each corresponds to a different angle of propagation of at least one input beam. One or more optical elements are configured to change at least some of the relative angles of propagation of the input beam for different tilt orientations of the first reflective element. A spectrally dispersive element is configured to receive the input beam at a location at which the central ray of the input beam is incident at different points on the spectrally dispersive element for each of the tilt orientations, and configured to disperse spectral components of the input beam at different respective angles in a spectral plane. The first reflective element is configured to tilt to select at least one and fewer than all of the dispersed spectral components to be directed to a selected output path.