Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide smart alerts to users, e.g., alerts to users about diabetic states that are only provided when it makes sense to do so, e.g., when the system can predict or estimate that the user is not already cognitively aware of their current condition, e.g., particularly where the current condition is a diabetic state warranting attention. In this way, the alert or alarm is personalized and made particularly effective for that user. Such systems and methods still alert the user when action is necessary, e.g., a bolus or temporary basal rate change, or provide a response to a missed bolus or a need for correction, but do not alert when action is unnecessary, e.g., if the user is already estimated or predicted to be cognitively aware of the diabetic state warranting attention, or if corrective action was already taken.

Abstract: A surge protector particularly adapted for use with telecommunication equipment is non-conductive during normal operation and becomes conductive upon surge conditions of a first level and provides a short circuit condition when subjected to surge condition above a second, greater level. The protector comprises a semiconducting chip (16) disposed between first (32, 32') and second (30, 30') electrodes and is provided with an environmental seal (60, 60') shrunk abut the outer peripheral surfaces of the electrodes while being non-adhering to both provide contaminant protection and free slidability of the electrodes within the sleeve.