Abstract: An electrode structure for use in an energy storage device comprising a population of electrodes, a population of counter-electrodes and a microporous separator separating members of the electrode population from members of the counter-electrode population. Each member of the electrode population comprises an electrode active material layer and an electrode current conductor layer, and each member of the electrode population has a bottom, a top, a length LE, a width WE and a height HE, wherein the ratio of LE to each of WE and HE is at least 5:1, the ratio of HE to WE is between 0.4:1 and 1000:1, and the electrode current collector layer of each member of the electrode population has a length LC that is measured in the same direction as and is at least 50% of length LE.

Abstract: A energy storage device for cycling between a charged state and a discharged state, the energy storage device including an enclosure, an electrode assembly and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte within the enclosure, and a constraint that maintains a pressure on the electrode assembly as the energy storage device is cycled between the charged and the discharged states.

Abstract: A secondary battery is provided for cycling between a charged and a discharged state, the secondary battery including a battery enclosure, an electrode assembly, carrier ions, a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte within the battery enclosure, and a set of electrode constraints. The set of electrode constraints includes a primary constraint system having first and second primary growth constraints and at least one primary connecting member, the first and second primary growth constraints separated from each other in the longitudinal direction, wherein the primary constraint array restrains growth of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction such that any increase in the Feret diameter of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction over 20 consecutive cycles of the secondary battery is less than 20%.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of iron toxicity using nitroxides, particularly 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treating chronic renal hypertension in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one nitroxide-containing composition to the subject, particularly 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol).

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of iron toxicity using nitroxides, particularly 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses methods of treating patients for essential hypertension. The invention also includes related pharmaceutical compositions of nitroxides. Specific drugs, such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (Tempol) are disclosed. These compositions are also contemplated for use in the treatment of oxidative stress and modulation of blood pressure.

Abstract: This invention relates to the treatment of essential hypertension by administration of anti-hypertensive effective amounts of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-1-oxyl (tempol).