Abstract: A method for controlling a vitrector of a vitrectomy system includes emitting an optical signal over an opening in a body of the vitrector, the opening providing access to a cutting member within the body, and using an optical sensor provided on the vitrector to capture optical feedback produced when the optical signal interacts with material proximate to the opening. The presence of the material in a vicinity of the cutting member of the vitrector is determined based on the optical feedback. A control signal to alter operation of the vitrector is issued responsive to determining the presence of the material in the vicinity of the cutting member of the vitrector.