Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a metal pillar in a columnar shape formed by cutting a metal wire to a predetermined length. The metal pillar has a burr length of 0.1 to 0.5 ?m on the cutting surface and provide a connecting pillar that has a solder layer on at least one area of the outer surface of the metal pillar, which comprises Sn, Cu, and Ag.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a metal pillar in a columnar shape formed by cutting a metal wire to a predetermined length. The metal pillar has a burr length of 0.1 to 0.5 ?m on the cutting surface, an electrical conductivity of 11 to 101% IACS, and a Vickers hardness of 150 to 300 HV.

Abstract: A workflow container is established that is associated with a profile, where the profile specifies a set of actions. A set of data items can be received in the workflow container, and multiple actions can be performed on the set of data items based on the profile. In implementing the workflow, one example provides or a first set of operations are performed for a given data item in parallel with a second set of operations. The first set of operations communicate the first data item to at least a first destination, and the second set of operations communicate the given data item to at least a second destination.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a dimer thereof; where R1 and R2 are independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, a functional group or a group of sub-formula (i) where m is 0 or 1; p is an integer of from 1 to 12; R7 is a group of formula —CqX2q+1 where q is an integer of from 1 to 12 and X is halogen such as fluoro, or 7 a group of sub-formula (ii) where k is an integer of from 1 to 10, R8, R10, and R12 and each R9 and R11 are independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, such as lower alkyl and in particular methyl; provided that at least one of R1 or R2 is a group of sub-formula (i); R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen or halogen, and in particular fluorine, n is 0 or 1, and A is a ring structure as specified. Compounds of formula (I) may have liquid crystal properties and/or be useful in liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: A system and method for providing application software for a peripheral device to be installed in a computer system. The application software is rendered into a memory module coupled to the peripheral device. When the peripheral device is attached to the computer, the operating system of the computer queries the peripheral device. Responsive to the query, the peripheral device is operable to upload the application software into the computer system from the memory module.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a universal image capture language that can be used in communicating image data, and a method for communicating image data to an electrical device. The method can be summarized by the steps of transceiving a device identification to the electrical device in a universal image capture language and transmitting image data to the electrical device. In addition, the present disclosure relates to a method for receiving image data from an image capture device comprising the steps of receiving a device identification from the image capture device communicated in a universal image capture language, interpreting the device identification, and receiving the image data from the image capture device.

Abstract: Dioxane derivatives for use as components in liquid crystal devices (LCDs) of general formula (A), wherein X is CH or B; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are each A.sup.1, OA.sup.1, OCOA.sup.2, or COOA.sup.2 ; A.sup.1 is a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and may be substituted with one or more F or CN. A.sup.2 is a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and may be substituted with one or more F or CN and if straight may be unsubstituted. Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3 may each be (CH.sub.2).sub.p, (CH.sub.2).sub.p COO or OCO(CH.sub.2).sub.p ; p is from 0 to 10, n is 0 or 1, m is 0 or 1, either or both of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are F and, when not F, are H; Y.sup.4 is a covalent bond or, when n is 0, may be (a) LCDs, containing the devices exhibit very fast switching speed, bi-stable characteristics, enhanced greyscale and storage capabilities and a wide viewing angle.

Abstract: A computer-based system and method automatically determines a threshold level for each cell of a digital document having one or more cells. Each cell of the document has a plurality of pixels and each pixel has associated therewith a plurality of bits to represent a graylevel for that pixel. A co-occurrence matrix indicating a quantity of each pixel graylevel pair in the cell is constructed. From this matrix, a first histogram is constructed and used to determine a background and a foreground peak for the cell and the features for these peaks. The center of mass for the cell is determined based on these features and is used to determine the threshold level for the cell.