Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a dicarboxylic acid comprising the steps: (a) heating a lactone in the presence of a first catalyst system to produce an alkenoic acid; and (b) contacting the alkenoic acid with carbon monoxide, water and a second catalyst system to produce a reaction composition comprising the second catalyst system and the dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of a diene. In the process, a lactone is heated in the presence of a first catalyst system to produce an alkene and carbon dioxide and the alkene is contacted with a second catalyst system to produce an alkyldiene.

Abstract: The present invention is designed for use with a biolistic bombardment device having a cold gas shock wave splitter that divides a cold gas shock wave into two or more separate pressure waves that burst into one or more macrocarrier disks so as to create two or more separate microparticle groups. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a divider that is configured to define two or more separate bombardment areas, each configured to contain a respective target and to receive a separate one of the microparticle groups created by a cold gas shock wave splitter. In such a manner, the present invention avoids mixing of microparticles between microparticle groups and allows for independent biolistic bombardment of the targets.

Abstract: The present invention is designed for use with a biolistic bombardment device having a cold gas shock wave splitter that divides a cold gas shock wave into two or more separate pressure waves that burst into one or more macrocarrier disks so as to create two or more separate microparticle groups. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a divider that is configured to define two or more separate bombardment areas, each configured to contain a respective target and to receive a separate one of the microparticle groups created by a cold gas shock wave splitter. In such a manner, the present invention avoids mixing of microparticles between microparticle groups and allows for independent biolistic bombardment of the targets.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, which can be operated continuously and has a wide scope of application, for destructing part of fines in slurry in a crystallizer to obtain large crystals having high purity and large crystal size, characterized in that first and second filters are installed in the crystallizer, a part of slurry containing only fines of size smaller than the fines cut size is drawn from the crystallizer, through the first filter in the crystallizer to a fines destruction loop for destructing the fines and then to the crystallizer through the second filter in the crystallizer by using a circulating pump. The two filters are switched over at regular interval and washed with each other's effluent to ensure the cintinuous operation of the above process.The present invention also provides a method for preparing crystalline bisphenol A/phenol adduct and bisphenol A with high purity and large crystal size.

Abstract: High purity and ultrapure bisphenol A is prepared in a novel process.

Abstract: A process for producing high-quality polycarbonate grade bisphenol A directly by removing phenol from the adduct crystal of bisphenol A with phenol via a gas-solid reaction at low temperature comprises directly feeding the adduct crystal into a vacuum or pneumatic dephenolizing device under vacuum a inert gas stream, controlling the temperature of the adduct crystal below its melting point, decomposing the adduct crystal into gas phase and solid phase, removing the gas phase phenol and condensing phenol for recovery, well leaving the rest being the desirable bisphenol A. The process possesses easy operation, short procedure, low energy consumption, and high purity and good color of bisphenol A obtained. Bisphenol A produced according to the process of the invention may be used as the raw material for producing polycarbonates for optical use.