Abstract: A pharmacologic treatment of refractive disorders, specifically myopia or hyperopia, by targeting the PPAR signaling pathway using a PPAR? agonist without any binding to PPAR?. It is demonstrated that the PPAR? agonist modulates ocular growth through therapeutic intervention at the protein level of the PPAR signaling pathway. The effectiveness of the PPAR? agonist in regulating the PPAR signaling pathway and its associated proteins, as evidenced by experiments using a lens-induced myopia (LIM) animal model. More particularly, it is also demonstrated that the pharmacological reduction of myopic eye growth in terms of biometrics with dosage effect through the administration of the PPAR? agonist.

Abstract: A novel pharmacologic treatment of refractive disorders including myopia and hyperopia is provided. The method of treating refractive disorders including myopia and hyperopia is mainly through targeting the Hippo biological pathway using agonists, antagonists or gene therapy targeting the HIPPO signaling, including MST1/MST2, LATS1/LATS2 kinases, and YAP/TAZ proteins. It is also found that the drug XMU-MP-1, a reversible and selective inhibitor of MST1/2, is a promising drug to target the Hippo biological pathway.

Abstract: A method for reducing myopia progression. In particular, the method includes administering to a subject a compound represented by the following formula or a composition comprising an effective amount of the same: or a pharmaceutically accept salt thereof, in which the compound can target and inhibit catechol-O-methyltransferase, up-regulate retinal dopamine expression and change the choroidal thickness of a uvea of the subject, where an increase in choroidal thickness indicates a reduction in myopia progression.

Abstract: A pharmacologic treatment of refractive disorders, specifically myopia or hyperopia, by targeting the PPAR signaling pathway using a PPAR? agonist without any binding to PPAR?. It is demonstrated that the PPAR? agonist modulates ocular growth through therapeutic intervention at the protein level of the PPAR signaling pathway. The effectiveness of the PPAR? agonist in regulating the PPAR signaling pathway and its associated proteins, as evidenced by experiments using a lens-induced myopia (LIM) animal model. More particularly, it is also demonstrated that the pharmacological reduction of myopic eye growth in terms of biometrics with dosage effect through the administration of the PPAR? agonist.