Abstract: Polypeptides which comprises a plurality of luminescent metal binding sites and constructs comprising the polypeptides and bound luminescent metals are provided. When the constructs are exposed to suitable wavelengths of energy, the bound luminescent metals emit characteristic wavelengths of light. Thus, the constructs are used as luminescent tracking molecules e.g. as probes, markers, reporters, etc., and to deliver cargo to targeted cells or tissues.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for establishing a contention window in a WiMedia wireless network. The contention window establishing apparatus includes: a parsing unit extracting the number of devices that intend to transmit data from a beacon received during a beacon period and an access category (AC) of each device; a calculation unit calculating a transmission probability of each access category (AC) on the basis of the extracted number of devices; and a contention window establishing unit establishing a contention window for each access category (AC) on the basis of the calculated transmission probability, to reduce contentions among the devices and decrease data transmission latency time, thereby maximizing efficiency in data transmission latency time.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for establishing a contention window in a WiMedia wireless network. The contention window establishing apparatus includes: a parsing unit extracting the number of devices that intend to transmit data from a beacon received during a beacon period and an access category (AC) of each device; a calculation unit calculating a transmission probability of each access category (AC) on the basis of the extracted number of devices; and a contention window establishing unit establishing a contention window for each access category (AC) on the basis of the calculated transmission probability, to reduce contentions among the devices and decrease data transmission latency time, thereby maximizing efficiency in data transmission latency time.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for establishing a contention window in a WiMedia wireless network. The contention window establishing apparatus includes: a parsing unit extracting the number of devices that intend to transmit data from a beacon received during a beacon period and an access category (AC) of each device; a calculation unit calculating a transmission probability of each access category (AC) on the basis of the extracted number of devices; and a contention window establishing unit establishing a contention window for each access category (AC) on the basis of the calculated transmission probability, to reduce contentions among the devices and decrease data transmission latency time, thereby maximizing efficiency in data transmission latency time.

Abstract: A media access control method in a wireless network is provided. Each of devices in the wireless network determines one of a plurality of beacon slots within a beacon period as a beacon slot of the device. The devices in the wireless network determine a data transmission order in accordance with the slot numbers of the beacon slots of the devices in a reserved period of a data transmission period. Data is transmitted in the unreserved period in accordance with the determined data transmission order.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and a method for establishing a contention window in a WiMedia wireless network. The contention window establishing apparatus includes: a parsing unit extracting the number of devices that intend to transmit data from a beacon received during a beacon period and an access category (AC) of each device; a calculation unit calculating a transmission probability of each access category (AC) on the basis of the extracted number of devices; and a contention window establishing unit establishing a contention window for each access category (AC) on the basis of the calculated transmission probability, to reduce contentions among the devices and decrease data transmission latency time, thereby maximizing efficiency in data transmission latency time.

Abstract: A method and system for establishing multiple channels between nodes each having a single radio interface in a mesh network supporting multiple channels are provided. Each node in the mesh network initially generates a neighbor node table, taking into account at least one traffic channel temporarily established for data transmission to a neighbor node. The neighbor node table is updated when a traffic channel is established for data transmission to the neighbor node, and the neighbor node table is updated according to channel use information of the neighbor node received from the neighbor node or channel use information of a node two hops away.

Abstract: A method for relaying received data by a relay node in a sensor network that includes a sink node, a source node for collecting and transmitting data requested by the sink node, and the relay node for relaying the data transmitted from the source node to the sink node. The relay node determines whether the source node that transmits the data is a previously identified source node, stores the data in a buffer and forwards the data to a neighbor node when the source node transmitting the data is the previously identified source node according to the determination. The data is managed based on the relay node having the buffer, rather than the source node and the sink node as in the related art. Further, the data error can be promptly handled.

Abstract: A media access control method in a wireless network is provided. Each of devices in the wireless network determines one of a plurality of beacon slots within a beacon period as a beacon slot of the device. The devices in the wireless network determine a data transmission order in accordance with the slot numbers of the beacon slots of the devices in a reserved period of a data transmission period. Data is transmitted in the unreserved period in accordance with the determined data transmission order.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing a path in a wireless network are provided where the method includes receiving location information about a first neighbor node and a second neighbor node, the first neighbor node being located within a range of a first hop from a source node, the second neighbor node being located within a range of a second hop from the source node, determining a direction of a point where the second neighbor node is located, based on the source node, by using the received location information; detecting a particular second neighbor node having a same direction of a point where a destination node is located, based on the source node, and limitedly establishing a path via the detected second neighbor node, when the source node establishes a path for transmitting predetermined data to the destination node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing a path in a wireless network are provided where the method includes receiving location information about a first neighbor node and a second neighbor node, the first neighbor node being located within a range of a first hop from a source node, the second neighbor node being located within a range of a second hop from the source node, determining a direction of a point where the second neighbor node is located, based on the source node, by using the received location information; detecting a particular second neighbor node having a same direction of a point where a destination node is located, based on the source node, and limitedly establishing a path via the detected second neighbor node, when the source node establishes a path for transmitting predetermined data to the destination node.

Abstract: A protocol processing apparatus and method in a mobile communication system operates a transmitting end according to whether transmission errors occur in a wireless section in consideration of conditions of the wireless section. A TCP processing apparatus and method of a base transceiver subsystem (BTS) in a mobile communication system can operate a TCP sending end in a persist or congestion override mode by setting a window size of the TCP sending end as ‘0’ if an Ack is not arrived from a TPC receiving end for a round trip time of a wireless link. Preferred embodiments of the present invention can reduce or prevent TCP performance degradation caused by congestion avoidance and control by preventing the TCP sending end from performing congestion avoidance and control by packet loss in the wireless link section. Also, the BTS updates the round trip time (RTT) of the wireless link when the Ack is arrived from the TCP receiving end for the RTT of the wireless link.

Abstract: A method and system for establishing multiple channels between nodes each having a single radio interface in a mesh network supporting multiple channels are provided. Each node in the mesh network initially generates a neighbor node table, taking into account at least one traffic channel temporarily established for data transmission to a neighbor node. The neighbor node table is updated when a traffic channel is established for data transmission to the neighbor node, and the neighbor node table is updated according to channel use information of the neighbor node received from the neighbor node or channel use information of a node two hops away.

Abstract: A method for relaying received data by a relay node in a sensor network that includes a sink node, a source node for collecting and transmitting data requested by the sink node, and the relay node for relaying the data transmitted from the source node to the sink node. The relay node determines whether the source node that transmits the data is a previously identified source node, stores the data in a buffer and forwards the data to a neighbor node when the source node transmitting the data is the previously identified source node according to the determination. The data is managed based on the relay node having the buffer, rather than the source node and the sink node as in the related art. Further, the data error can be promptly handled.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for checking a link validity in a computer network, wherein, for the linking and referencing from one multimedia document to a different multimedia document in the computer network, desired information of the different multimedia document, such as last modified timestamp information indicative of a last modification time of the different multimedia document and latest version information of the different multimedia document, are stored in a validity check field, thereby assuring a link consistency. Therefore, the number of system errors can be cost-effectively reduced when referencing a multimedia document, and the reliability of searching and browsing can be increased.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus for a mobile communication system includes a traffic type recognition module which interfaces with an upper layer and determines a traffic type of data from the upper layer, a flow control module which controls flow of the data based on the traffic type determined by the traffic type recognition module, and a lower layer interface module which allows the flow control apparatus to communicate the data with an AAL5 Adaptation Layer. The traffic type recognition module delivers the data to the flow control module when the traffic type of the data is a loss sensitive type and directly transfer the data to the AAL5 when the traffic type of the data is a real time sensitive type. Also, a sliding window control algorithm may be used to control the transmission/reception of data based on, for example, a voice-data ratio.

Abstract: A protocol processing apparatus and method in a mobile communication system operates a transmitting end according to whether transmission errors occur in a wireless section in consideration of conditions of the wireless section. A TCP processing apparatus and method of a base transceiver subsystem (BTS) in a mobile communication system can operate a TCP sending end in a persist or congestion override mode by setting a window size of the TCP sending end as ‘0’ if an Ack is not arrived from a TPC receiving end for a round trip time of a wireless link. Preferred embodiments of the present invention can reduce or prevent TCP performance degradation caused by congestion avoidance and control by preventing the TCP sending end from performing congestion avoidance and control by packet loss in the wireless link section. Also, the BTS updates the round trip time (RTT) of the wireless link when the Ack is arrived from the TCP receiving end for the RTT of the wireless link.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for checking a link validity in a computer network, wherein, for the linking and referencing from one multimedia document to a different multimedia document in the computer network, desired information of the different multimedia document, such as last modified timestamp information indicative of a last modification time of the different multimedia document and latest version information of the different multimedia document, are stored in a validity check field, thereby assuring a link consistency. Therefore, a system error amount can be cost-effectively reduced for referencing to a multimedia document, and the reliability of searching and browsing can be increased.