Abstract: A mechanically robust flexible hybrid electrode comprises a polymeric substrate, one or more monolayers of a two-dimensional (2D) material on the polymeric substrate, and an electrically conductive film on the 2D material. The mechanically robust flexible hybrid electrode may exhibit a bending strain to failure of at least about 12%. A method of making a flexible hybrid electrode may comprise transferring a monolayer comprising a 2D material to a polymeric substrate. After transferring one or more of the monolayers to the polymeric substrate, an electrically conductive film may be formed on the one or more monolayers, thereby forming a mechanically robust flexible hybrid electrode.