Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising compounds having formula (I): 1

Abstract: The energy content of supercapacitor is determined by its capacitance value and working voltage. To attain a high capacitance and a high voltage, several pieces of electrodes and separators are spirally wound with edge sealing to form a bipolar supercapacitor in cylindrical, oval or square configuration. While the winding operation effectively provides a large surface area for high capacitance, the bipolar packaging instantly imparts a unitary roll a minimum working voltage of 5V on using an organic electrolyte. The bipolar roll is a powerful building block for facilitating the assembly of supercapacitor modules. Using containers with multiple compartments, as many bipolar rolls can be connected in series, in parallel or in a combination of the two connections to fabricate integrated supercapacitors with high energy density as required by applications.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and methods for detecting phase defects. The invention relies generally on the distortion of light as it passes through defects in phase shift masks to detect these defects. Light traveling through a defect, such as a bump in an etched area will travel at a different angle than light traveling through air. In order to enhance the signals generated from the defects, the invention in several embodiments provides a multiple element detector having at least four elements, arranged in a radially symmetric configuration. Individual elements of the detector are selected to form a differential signal based on the configuration of pattern lines in the area proximate to the defect. The resulting differential signal is used to generate an image signal and to identify phase defects.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and methods for detecting phase defects. The invention relies generally on the distortion of light as it passes through defects in phase shift masks to detect these defects. Light traveling through a defect, such as a bump in an etched area will travel at a different angle than light traveling through air. In order to enhance the signals generated from the defects, the invention in several embodiments provides a multiple element detector having at least four elements, arranged in a radially symmetric configuration. Individual elements of the detector are selected to form a differential signal based on the configuration of pattern lines in the area proximate to the defect. The resulting differential signal is used to generate an image signal and to identify phase defects.

Abstract: A charging device capable of dynamically adjusting a charging power. The charging device has elements as follows. A DC-DC converter power stage is used for supplying a charging current to the rechargeable battery. A current error amplifier is used for setting a charging current adjustment signal, being fed to the DC-DC converter power stage for adjusting the charging current. A first current detecting device is used for setting the charging current signal being fed to the current error amplifier. Meanwhile, the charging current is outputted to the rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery. A current detecting/comparating device is used for feedback and outputting the charge current operation signal based upon the work current and a calculated charge current signal. The charging device dynamically adjusts the charging power to increase the utility of the output power of the external power source and reduce the charging time.

Abstract: A charging device capable of dynamically adjusting a charging power. The charging device has elements as follows. A DC-DC converter power stage is used for supplying a charging current to the rechargeable battery. A current error amplifier is used for setting a charging current adjustment signal, being fed to the DC-DC converter power stage for adjusting the charging current. A first current detecting device is used for setting the charging current signal being fed to the current error amplifier. Meanwhile, the charging current is outputted to the rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery A current detecting/comparating device is used for setting and outputting the work current operation signal based upon the work current and a work current setting signal. The charging device dynamically adjust the charging power to increase the utility of the output power of the external power source and reduce the charging time.

Abstract: A horizontal oxidation furnace injector comprising an inner tube and an outer tube. The inner tube has an inner tube inlet and an inner tube outlet. The inner tube inlet is used for receiving a first gas and the inner tube outlet is used for outputting the first gas. The outer tube has a branch tube and an outer tube outlet. The branch tube further includes an outer tube inlet. The outer tube inlet is used for receiving a second gas, and the outer tube outlet is used for outputting the secord gas. Furthermore, the outer tube outlet and the inner tube outlet are at the same end. In addition, part of the inner tube is enclosed by the outer tube of the injector while the remainder of the inner tube is exposed, and the inner tube has no bends.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating annular mask lens for vision correction having diffraction-reducing edges are provided. The lens body having an annular mask that forms a "soft edge" by gradually decreasing the transmissivity radially from the center aperture to the annular mask area. The methods introduce varying levels of a coloring agent (e.g., dye) into certain portions of the lens.

Abstract: Annular mask lens for vision correction having diffraction-reducing edges. The lens body having an annular mask that forms a "soft edge" by gradually decreasing the transmissivity radially from the center aperture to the annular mask area.

Abstract: A firearm lock includes: a male fastening member having a latch portion extending therefrom, a control device having a biasing button and securable to the male fastening member and a locking mechanism provided in the male fastening member for locking or unlocking the control device; and a female fastening member engageable with the male fastening member to be disposed on opposite sides of a trigger guard of a firearm; the male fastening member having the latch portion rotatably securable in the male fastening member to be engageable with a ratchet catch resiliently mounted in the female fastening member, and the control device controlling the engagement or disengagement of the latch portion with or from the ratchet catch; whereby upon a biasing movement of the biasing button of the control device to disengage the latch portion from the ratchet catch when the locking mechanism is unlocked, the male fastening member will be ergonomically unlocked and separated from the female fastening member without continuous

Abstract: A diffractive, multifocal ophthalmic lens including an apodization zone with echelettes having a smoothly reduced step height to shift the energy balance from the near image to the distant image and thus reduce the glare perceived when viewing a discrete, distant light source.

Abstract: An annular mask lens for the treatment of optical aberrations such as but not limited to night myopia, spherical aberration, aniridia, keratoconus, corneal scarring, penetrating keratoplasty, and post refractive surgery complication. The lens has an annular mask having an aperture larger than conventional pinhole contact lens. The aperture having a "soft" inside edge and which mask has a gradually increasing transmissivity radially toward the outer edge of the mask.

Abstract: The peak potential values of each cardioelectric wave components detected from the body surface are uniquely presented as a few iso-potential and isochronous contour maps by the electrocardiac peak mapping (EPM) method and apparatus described. The change in the size and the contour of the relevant EPM maps provides a simple, non-invasive, yet sensitive means for clinical diagnosis of at least the following heart diseases:1) the locations and sizes of myocardial infarction (hereafter, MI),2) primary and second cardiomyopathies,3) locations and sizes of "non-Q-wave MI", which can not be diagnosed by conventional electrocardiography, and4) various intracardiac conduction blocks and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,5) various repolarization abnormalities and their quantitative analysis.The EPM apparatus comprises an elastic Waistcoat with embodied special electrodes, signal preprocessors, a multiplexer, a main differential amplifier, and a general purpose computer with appropriate software.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser system that has an optical resonator, a laser medium included in the optical resonator, a pumping device for exciting the laser medium, and a device for tuning the laser action. The tuning device includes an optically aberrated lens element located in the optical resonator. The profile of the laser beam is determined by the focal length of the central rays and abberation parameter of the abberated lens element.