Abstract: In an embodiment, a device includes: a gate electrode; a epitaxial source/drain region adjacent the gate electrode; one or more inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layers over the epitaxial source/drain region; a first source/drain contact extending through the ILD layers, the first source/drain contact connected to the epitaxial source/drain region; a contact spacer surrounding the first source/drain contact; and a void disposed between the contact spacer and the ILD layers.

Abstract: Dynamic tuning method for a specific absorption rate (SAR) is provided. The dynamic tuning method is applied to user equipment (UE). The dynamic tuning method may include the following steps: the UE may determine the back-off value corresponding to the current antenna state; and the UE may tune the conducted power of the radio frequency (RF) circuit of the UE based on the back-off value.

Abstract: A drive control method of a hydraulic actuator of a construction machine includes: determining whether a rotation operation lever and a working device operation lever are operated; calculating the required pressure of a hydraulic cylinder fix a working device according to the operation amount of the rotation operation lever; calculating the required flow rates of a swing motor and the hydraulic cylinder for the working device, the required flow rates corresponding to the operation amounts of the working device operation lever and the rotation operation lever; calculating the opening areas of the first and second proportional solenoid valves of an inlet side and an outlet side by using the calculated required pressure and required flow rates of the hydraulic cylinder for the working device and the swing motor; and calculating current values to be inputted into the first and second proportional solenoid valves of the inlet side and the outlet side according to preset data values or a table in comparison with th

Abstract: A drive control method of a hydraulic actuator of a construction machine includes: determining whether a rotation operation lever and a working device operation lever are operated; calculating the required pressure of a hydraulic cylinder fix a working device according to the operation amount of the rotation operation lever; calculating the required flow rates of a swing motor and the hydraulic cylinder for the working device, the required flow rates corresponding to the operation amounts of the working device operation lever and the rotation operation lever; calculating the opening areas of the first and second proportional solenoid valves of an inlet side and an outlet side by using the calculated required pressure and required flow rates of the hydraulic cylinder for the working device and the swing motor; and calculating current values to be inputted into the first and second proportional solenoid valves of the inlet side and the outlet side according to preset data values or a table in comparison with th

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic control system for construction machinery capable of variably adjusting a set pressure of a relief valve, which controls a set pressure of a hydraulic system, according to a value inputted by means of pressure in the hydraulic system or the manipulation of a joystick.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus and a flow control method for a construction machine are disclosed, which can perform ground leveling work for smoothing the ground by the self weight of a boom without supplying hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic pump to a hydraulic cylinder.

Abstract: An electrode material for a lithium ion battery includes conductive active particles and an ionic cover layer covering the active particles. The ionic cover layer includes a matrix of functional group-substituted polyaryletherketone and graphene particles dispersed in the matrix. A method for preparing the electrode material and an electrode including the electrode material are also disclosed.

Abstract: A traveling control method for performing a smoothing work or the like through an operation of a working device during traveling is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device for controlling a regenerated flow rate for a construction machine and a method for controlling the same, the device being able to supply a large chamber of an arm cylinder with a part of operating oil, which is discharged from the arm cylinder to an operating oil tank during arm-in driving, and regenerating the same. The present invention provides a device for controlling a regenerated flow rate for a construction machine, the device being characterized by comprising: a variable capacity-type hydraulic pump and a pilot pump; an arm cylinder driven by operating oil supplied from the hydraulic pump; a variable arm regeneration valve installed in a passage between the arm cylinder and the operating oil tank; and an electronic proportional valve installed in a passage between the pilot pump and the arm regeneration valve.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling engine revolutions for a hybrid construction machine, including an engine, a hydraulic pump which is driven by the engine to drive a hydraulic actuator with discharged hydraulic fluid, a motor-generator which is driven by the engine to generate electricity and to drive the hydraulic pump as a motor supplementing the engine, an energy storage device which is charged with electric energy generated by the motor-generator and which supplies the electric energy for motor operation of the motor-generator, a torque detection unit for detecting an output torque of the hydraulic pump that is required to drive the hydraulic actuator, and a hybrid control unit for controlling the motor operation of the motor-generator to supplement the engine output if the change of the output torque of the hydraulic pump exceeds a predetermined level and it is determined that an engine revolution drop will occur.

Abstract: Disclosed is a construction equipment driving control method for controlling machine driving without using an additional straight driving pedal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a driving speed of construction machinery for preventing a sudden change in the driving speed during a combined operation for operating a work device while driving an excavator. The method for controlling the driving speed of the construction machinery, according to one embodiment of the present invention, relates to the method for controlling the driving speed of the construction machinery comprising a lower driving body, a turning device for turning an upper turning body with respect to the lower driving body, a driving device, the work device, an electronic proportional valve for controlling the discharge flow rate of a hydraulic pump, and a controller.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus and a flow control method for a construction machine are disclosed, which can perform ground leveling work for smoothing the ground by the self weight of a boom without supplying hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic pump to a hydraulic cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control system for a hybrid excavator including an engine, a hydraulic pump driven by the engine to drive a hydraulic actuator by hydraulic fluid, a generator driven by the engine to generate electric energy, and an energy storage device charging the electric energy generated by the generator and supplying the electric energy to an electric actuator, the control system comprising: a required torque detection means for detecting a torque that is required to drive the hydraulic pump; a charge amount detection means for detecting a charge rate (or charge amount) of the electric energy storage device; a memory storing a generation degree (or generation amount) in accordance with the torque and the charge rate (or charge amount); and a hybrid control means for controlling the generator in accordance with the torque value detected by the required torque detection means and the generation amount in a memory means that corresponds to the charge rate value (or charge amount) detected

Abstract: A grading control system using an excavator is disclosed, which determines and controls an operation amount of an attachment by combining an estimated pose of the attachment and an operator's operation signal of a joystick when a working mode for grading the ground is selected.

Abstract: A traveling control method for performing a smoothing work or the like through an operation of a working device during traveling is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling bucket movement for automatically shaking off foreign substances is disclosed, which includes a bucket movement control unit controlling the bucket movement by determining whether to output an automatic control signal for automatically driving the bucket forward and backward at a predetermined speed even if an input value of a joystick is not changed or to output a manual control signal for driving the bucket according to an operation value of the joystick, in accordance with a selection/non-selection of an automatic mode by an automatic mode selection switch, an operation value detected by an operation value detection means, and an operation angle detected by an operation angle detection means, and outputting a corresponding signal to a bucket driving unit. The movement of the bucket can be automatically controlled so as to control the foreign substances contained in the bucket and to sprinkle earth and sand without any separate operation of an operator.

Abstract: A swing control apparatus and a swing control method for a construction machine are provided. The swing control apparatus includes a start position estimation unit, a stop target position calculation unit, and a swing motor position control unit. Even if an operator releases a lever or commands a stop at different times, an upper swing structure of the construction machine (for example, excavator) can be stopped within a predetermined range, and thus the inconvenience caused by an additional driving operation, which is required as the stop position differs according to the time point where the stop command starts, can be solved.

Abstract: A swing control system for a hybrid construction machine includes a swing operation lever, a hydraulic pump, an electric swing motor that makes an upper swing structure swing against a lower driving structure in accordance with an electric control signal corresponding to an operation amount of the swing operation lever, a swing parking brake released in accordance with an operation signal of the swing operation lever to drive the swing motor, a control valve which drives a hydraulic cylinder for the swing parking brake by hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump to release the swing parking brake if the control valve is shifted by an input of the operation signal from the swing operation lever, and a controller that controls the swing parking brake through shifting of the control valve or controls driving of the swing motor in accordance with the operation signal from the swing operation lever.

Abstract: A grading control system using an excavator is disclosed, which determines and controls an operation amount of an attachment by combining an estimated pose of the attachment and an operator's operation signal of a joystick when a working mode for grading the ground is selected.