Abstract: A method for creating a layout element includes receiving an integrated circuit (IC) layout pattern that includes a shape corresponding to a component of the layout pattern. A mathematical definition of the shape is retrieved from a shape database, and parameter inputs regarding characteristics of the shape are received. A vertex listing is created based on the mathematical definition of the shape and the parameter inputs, and a layout element is created based on the vertex listing.

Abstract: A system includes a processor for performing a thermal analysis for an IC layout, which includes a redistribution structure having a plurality of conductive layers stacked one upon another in a thickness direction. In response to a property of a first conductive layer satisfying a first condition, the processor applies a first modeling rule to the first conductive layer to obtain a first model, and, in response to the property of a second conductive layer satisfying a second condition but not the first condition, the processor applies a second modeling rule different from the first modeling rule to the second conductive layer to obtain a second model. The processor performs a thermal simulation for the IC layout based on the first and second models, and, based on the thermal simulation result, modifies the IC layout or proceeds with manufacturing one or more IC devices corresponding to the IC layout.

Abstract: A method includes providing a semiconductor chip with a plurality of first connector structures disposed on a topmost one of a plurality of metallization layers. The method includes forming a redistribution structure comprising a plurality of conductive layers and a plurality of via structures, adjacent ones of the plurality of conductive layers being connected through at least a corresponding one of the plurality of via structures. The method includes bonding the plurality of first connector structures to the redistribution structure. The method includes bonding the redistribution structure to a carrier substrate through a plurality of second connector structures. Forming the redistribution structure includes laterally rotating a first one of the plurality of via structures around a second one of the plurality of via structures, the first via structure being vertically above the second via structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first connector, a second connector, and a redistribution structure disposed between the first connector and the second connector. The redistribution structure includes a first connection tree electrically connecting the first connector to the second connector. The first connection tree includes a plurality of first conductive pads disposed in a plurality of respective levels, and a plurality of first via structures each disposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of first conductive pads. Any lateral end of each of the plurality of first conductive pads is spaced from the first connector within a first minimum pitch associated with the second connector.

Abstract: Connection structures and methods of manufacture in which a conductive structure is disposed between, and in electrical contact with, pluralities of via structures. Each via structure is laterally offset from adjacent via structures to avoid stacked vias, and each via is electrically connected to at least two additional vias on a level of a semiconductor device, through conductive traces and footprints of the connection structure.

Abstract: The method for beamforming in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: receiving a sounding packet so as to estimate channel state information between a transmitter and a receiver; generating a beamforming matrix in accordance with the channel state information; generating a beamforming steering matrix by multiplying the beamforming matrix by a rotation matrix; and feeding back the beamforming steering matrix.

Abstract: A method for detecting radar signals comprises the steps of: receiving signals detected by a master device; receiving signals detected by a slave device; detecting radar pulses from the signals received by the master device; detecting radar pulses from the signals received by the slave device; and determining radar signals by combining the radar pulses detected by the master device and slave device.

Abstract: An approximation method for SNR soft information for a transmitter of a communications system includes obtaining a conditional probability density function (PDF) corresponding to a response message of a transmitted packet, obtaining a PDF of a probability distribution model, and a mean and a variance of the PDF, by approximating the conditional PDF corresponding to the response message with the probability distribution model, and calculating a second mean and a second variance of a second PDF approximated to a conditional PDF of SNR corresponding to the transmitted packet according to the mean and the variance of the PDF, and a first mean and a first variance of a first PDF approximated to a conditional PDF of SNR corresponding to another transmitted packet immediately preceding the transmitted packet.

Abstract: Varying embodiments of the present invention describes a method and apparatus for beamforming in a wireless communication system. A first embodiment is a method for beamforming in a wireless communication system, the system comprising a transmitter and a receiver. The method comprises initiating beamforming on a communication channel between the transmitter and the receiver wherein the communication channel comprises at least two transmit chains, controlling the beamforming by mapping the data stream(s) to the at least two transmit chains and controlling the scaling of the at least two transmit chains within a transmit power constraint.

Abstract: A method for detecting radar signal comprises the steps of: receiving a signal by a receiver, wherein the strength of the received signal is controlled within a range; sampling the received signal so as to obtain a plurality of sampling values; dividing the sampling values into a plurality of segments; summing up the absolute values of the sampling values in each segment; and determining that the received signal includes radar signals if at least one summation is greater than a threshold.

Abstract: A method for detecting radar signal comprises the steps of: sampling a received signal so as to obtain a plurality of sampling values; taking an absolute value of the sampling values so as to obtain at least two parameters; and determining whether the received signal includes radar signals in accordance with the at least two parameters.

Abstract: A method sub-carrier grouping for a wireless communication system including a plurality of sub-carriers is disclosed. The method includes determining a coherent bandwidth of the plurality of sub-carriers, and dividing the plurality of sub-carriers into a plurality of sub-carrier groups according to the coherent bandwidth, wherein the size of each sub-carrier group is smaller than or equal to the coherent bandwidth.

Abstract: A calibration device for a power amplifier includes a calculation unit, a first storage unit and a multiplier. The calculation unit is utilized for generating a calibration factor according to a value of a characteristic parameter of the power amplifier. The first storage unit coupled to the calculation unit, for storing the calibration factor. The multiplier is coupled to the first storage unit and a baseband unit, for multiplying a baseband signal outputted from the baseband unit by the calibration factor for generating an input signal to the power amplifier.

Abstract: A simulation method for a wireless communication system with multiple antennas and multiple nodes is disclosed. The method adopts a separable correlation channel model to simulate a wireless communication system with multiple antennas and multiple nodes, wherein in this model the nodes in the same area are correlated, and the nodes in different areas are not correlated.

Abstract: A method for detecting radar signal comprises the steps of: receiving a signal by a receiver, wherein the strength of the received signal is controlled within a range; sampling the received signal so as to obtain a plurality of sampling values; dividing the sampling values into a plurality of segments; summing up the absolute values of the sampling values in each segment; and determining that the received signal includes radar signals if at least one summation is greater than a threshold.

Abstract: A lookup table generation method for a predistorter comprises sending a first single tone signal with a maximum expected amplitude to a channel simulation device including the power amplifier, estimating a closed loop gain and a closed loop phase of the power amplifier according to the first single tone signal and a first simulation output signal generated outputted by the channel simulation device, sending a plurality of single tone signals to the channel simulation device, each single tone signal having an amplitude different from all others of the plurality of single tone signals and lower than the maximum expected amplitude, generating a plurality of predistortion parameters according to the closed loop gain, the closed loop phase, the plurality of single tone signals and a plurality of simulation output signals outputted by the channel simulation device, and storing the plurality of predistortion parameters in a lookup table of the predistorter.

Abstract: A method of examining the eligibility of a modulation and coding scheme includes determining a range of pseudo signal-to-noise ratio (pseudo-SNR) corresponding to a range of packet correct rate (PCR) acceptable for a transmitter, obtaining a first score of a positive acknowledgement (ACK) and a second score of a negative acknowledgement (NACK) according to the range of pseudo-SNR and the range of PCR, applying weighting to a score of a response message, which is one of an ACK message and a NACK message, and a pseudo-SNR corresponding to an immediately preceding response message when receiving the response message, for generating a pseudo-SNR corresponding to the response message, and examining the eligibility of a modulation and coding scheme in use according to the pseudo-SNR corresponding to the response message.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for enhancing accuracy of rate adaptation in a transmitter of a wireless communication system, which comprises setting a plurality of scores indicating reliabilities of a plurality of MCSs of the wireless communication system during rate adaption procedures of the plurality of MCSs, and adjusting the plurality of scores according to a plurality of response messages indicating receiving statuses of a plurality of transmitted packets.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a modulation and coding scheme based on signal quality comprises the steps of: determining a reference modulation and coding scheme based on signal reception qualities of transmitted signals according to a plurality of modulation and coding schemes; determining a temporary modulation and coding scheme according to a modulation and coding scheme selection method; determining a final modulation and coding scheme according to a first table and the differences between the reference modulation and coding scheme and the temporary modulation and coding scheme.

Abstract: A method for selecting modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for multi-antenna systems comprises the steps of: a multi-antenna system transmits signals according to MCSs of single spatial stream and determines an MCS accordingly. Subsequently, the multi-antenna system increases the number of the spatial streams applied, transmits signals according to the corresponding MCSs and determines an MCS accordingly until an optimum MCS is found.