Abstract: The present invention provides capacitor-based fluid sensing units. The capacitor-based fluid sensing unit comprises a substrate, a first electrode configured on the substrate, a sensing layer configured on the first electrode, a second electrode configured on the sensing layer. More particularly, the second electrode is a porous electrode, while the sensing layer is made of a porous dielectric material and has a thickness between 50 nm and 5 mm. Permittivity of the sensing layer changes as fluid permeates from the second electrode to the sensing layer. The subsequent change in capacitance of the capacitor-based fluid sensing unit is used to determine the volume of the fluid.

Abstract: Light-addressable potentiometric sensing units are provided. A light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit comprises a conductive substrate, a metal oxide semiconductor layer, and a sensing layer. The metal oxide semiconductor layer is made of indium gallium zinc oxide, indium gallium oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium oxide co-doped with tin and zinc, tin oxide, or zinc oxide. The wide-band gap characteristic of the metal oxide semiconductor layer enables the light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit to resist the interference from visible light. The light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit therefore exhibits a more stable performance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data storage device including a flash memory and a controller. The controller is configured to perform a first read operation to read a first page corresponding to a first word line of the flash memory according to a read command of a host, and perform a distribution-adjustment procedure when data read by the first read operation cannot be recovered by coding, wherein the controller is further configured to perform an adjustable read operation to read a second page corresponding to a second word line of the flash memory in the distribution-adjustment procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides capacitor-based fluid sensing units. The capacitor-based fluid sensing unit comprises a substrate, a first electrode configured on the substrate, a sensing layer configured on the first electrode, a second electrode configured on the sensing layer. More particularly, the second electrode is a porous electrode, while the sensing layer is made of a porous dielectric material and has a thickness between 50 nm and 5 mm. Permittivity of the sensing layer changes as fluid permeates from the second electrode to the sensing layer. The subsequent change in capacitance of the capacitor-based fluid sensing unit is used to determine the volume of the fluid.

Abstract: Light-addressable potentiometric sensing units are provided. A light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit comprises a conductive substrate, a metal oxide semiconductor layer, and a sensing layer. The metal oxide semiconductor layer is made of indium gallium zinc oxide, indium gallium oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium oxide co-doped with tin and zinc, tin oxide, or zinc oxide. The wide-band gap characteristic of the metal oxide semiconductor layer enables the light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit to resist the interference from visible light. The light-addressable potentiometric sensing unit therefore exhibits a more stable performance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data storage device including a flash memory and a controller. The controller is configured to perform a first read operation to read a first page corresponding to a first word line of the flash memory according to a read command of a host, and perform a distribution-adjustment procedure when data read by the first read operation cannot be recovered by coding, wherein the controller is further configured to perform an adjustable read operation to read a second page corresponding to a second word line of the flash memory in the distribution-adjustment procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data storage device including a flash memory and a controller. The controller is configured to perform a first read operation to read a first page corresponding to a first word line of the flash memory according to a read command of a host, and perform a distribution-adjustment procedure when data read by the first read operation cannot be recovered by coding, wherein the controller is further configured to perform an adjustable read operation to read a second page corresponding to a second word line of the flash memory in the distribution-adjustment procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data storage device including a flash memory and a controller. The controller is configured to perform a first read operation to read a first page corresponding to a first word line of the flash memory according to a read command of a host, and perform a distribution-adjustment procedure when data read by the first read operation cannot be recovered by coding, wherein the controller is further configured to perform an adjustable read operation to read a second page corresponding to a second word line of the flash memory in the distribution-adjustment procedure.

Abstract: A paper clip made of a resilient steel wire bent into shape, which comprises two front bends disposed at same plane and formed into a clamping portion for holding sheets of paper inserted therebetween, and an unitary wave-like back bend substantially perpendicular to the two front bends and forming a stop portion for stopping the paper which is fastened in the clamping portion. The wave-like back bend is formed of at least one peak and one wave trough so as to provide stronger tensile elasticity permitting the clamping portion to tightly retain more sheets of paper.