Abstract: A processing apparatus is provided, to generate, based on a demand by service users and a supply of service providers for transport-related services at a defined geographical area over a defined time period, respective demand data indicative of service users with bookings and service users with the bookings and allocated with service providers, respective supply data indicative of service providers that are available during the defined time period for the services and service providers that become unavailable by the end of the defined time period, first metric data based on the respective demand data, second metric data based on the respective supply data, and score data indicative of a score indicator for determining the measure of supply-demand balance for the defined geographical area, the score indicator being computed based on the first metric data and the second metric data.

Abstract: A method for managing supply of a geographic area by transport service vehicles comprising: determining, for each sub-area, a demand for transport service vehicles, the sum of demand over the sub-areas forming a total demand; determining, a supply of transport service vehicles in the sub-area, the sum over the sub-areas forming a total supply; calculating a first measure as portion of the total demand that can be met with the total supply when demand in a sub-area may be met with supply in a different sub-area; calculating a second measure as portion of the total demand that can be met with the total supply when demand in a sub-area may only be met with supply in the sub-area; calculating a quality of the distribution of the total supply by a ratio of the first and the second measure and managing the supply of the geographic area depending on the quality.

Abstract: A server configured to determine a fee surge for an on-demand service may include processor(s) that may perform the following upon receiving each request for the service: determine, from the request, a location where the service is required; determine, using a map from the memory, a supply area around the location; determine the surge based on the supply area; compare the surge with a surge lower bound for the supply area and set it as this bound if it is lower than this bound; communicate the surge to the respective requestor computing device and a provider computing device; and allocate the associated service provider to fulfil the request if both the service requestor and service provider accept the surge. The surge lower bound may be based on historical allocation rates, each representing a number of fulfilled requests at a fee surge during historical time interval(s) in a characteristically similar area.

Abstract: A server configured to determine an advanced booking fee for an advance booking is disclosed. The server may include one or more processor(s) and a memory having instructions stored therein. The instructions when executed by the one or more processor(s), may cause the one or more processor(s) to receive an advanced booking enquiry over a communication network from a user device for a predetermined transportation service at a predetermined future time from a service provider. The one or more processor(s) may determine a call option price based on a difference between a predetermined fare price of the advance booking and a potential future trip price. The one or more processor(s) may determine an earning adjustment for the service provider to provide the predetermined transportation service at the predetermined future time.

Abstract: A transportation system is made up by a plurality of contiguous geographical cells. The effective availability of service for transportation service users is calculated on the basis of the number of eligible transportation service providers located in one or more of the geographical cells. The calculations may take into account a distance between each service provider and the users.