Abstract: A battery is provided. The battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane. The positive electrode includes a positive active layer. The negative electrode includes a negative active layer and a modified layer, wherein the modified layer is disposed on the negative active layer. The modified layer includes a metal fluoride and a lithium-containing compound. The solid electrolyte membrane includes a first porous layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second porous layer, wherein the electrolyte layer is disposed between the first porous layer and the second porous layer.

Abstract: An electrode is provided, which includes a sulfur- and carbon-containing layer having a carbon material, a sulfur material, and a binder. A sulfur content at a core part of the sulfur- and carbon-containing layer is gradually reduced to a sulfur content at two side surfaces of the sulfur- and carbon-containing layer. The electrode may serve as a positive electrode of a battery. The battery also includes a negative electrode, and an electrolyte liquid between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Abstract: A protected active metal electrode and a device with the electrode are provided. The protected active metal electrode includes an active metal substrate and a protection layer on a surface of the active metal substrate. The protection layer at least includes a metal thin film covering the surface of the active metal substrate and an electrically-conductive thin film covering a surface of the metal thin film. A material of the metal thin film is Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, or W. A material of the electrically-conductive thin film is selected from nitride of a metal in the metal thin film, carbide of a metal in the metal thin film, a diamond-like carbon (DLC), and a combination thereof.

Abstract: An electrode is provided, which includes a sulfur- and carbon-containing layer having a carbon material, a sulfur material, and a binder. A sulfur content at a core part of the sulfur- and carbon-containing layer is gradually reduced to a sulfur content at two side surfaces of the sulfur- and carbon-containing layer. The electrode may serve as a positive electrode of a battery. The battery also includes a negative electrode, and an electrolyte liquid between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Abstract: The application relates to a gel polymer electrolyte and/or polymer modified electrode materials for lithium batteries.

Abstract: A protected active metal electrode and a device with the electrode are provided. The protected active metal electrode includes an active metal substrate and a protection layer on a surface of the active metal substrate. The protection layer at least includes a metal thin film covering the surface of the active metal substrate and an electrically-conductive thin film covering a surface of the metal thin film. A material of the metal thin film is Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, or W. A material of the electrically-conductive thin film is selected from nitride of a metal in the metal thin film, carbide of a metal in the metal thin film, a diamond-like carbon (DLC), and a combination thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a gel polymer electrolyte and/or polymer modified electrode materials for lithium batteries.

Abstract: A hybrid energy storage device includes a positive electrode comprising open-structured carbonaceous materials and at least one lithium-containing inorganic compound characterized by LixAy(DtOz), wherein Li is lithium, A is a transition metal, D is selected from the group consisting of silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten, O is oxygen, and x, y, z, t are stoichiometric representation containing real numbers constrained by 0<x?4, 1?y?2, 1?t?3, 3?z?12, wherein y, t, and z are integers; a negative electrode; and a non-aqueous, lithium-containing electrolyte.

Abstract: An energy storage device including an active electrolyte, a first electrode and a second electrode is provided. The active electrolyte contains protons and ion pairs with a redox ability. The first electrode and the second electrode coexist in the active electrolyte and are separated from each other. The first electrode and the second electrode respectively include an active material producing a redox-reaction with the active electrolyte or an active material producing ion adsorption/desorption with the active electrolyte. The active electrolyte receives electrons from the first electrode and/or the second electrode so as to perform a redox-reaction for charge storage.

Abstract: An energy storage device is provided. The energy storage device includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode covered by a protective layer, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode includes fast-energy-storage electrochemical capacitive materials coated on a current collector. The negative electrode includes metal materials capable of having electrochemical reactivity toward lithium ion. The protective layer includes oxides or hydroxides of the metal materials.

Abstract: An energy storage device is provided. The energy storage device includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode covered by a protective layer, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode includes fast-energy-storage electrochemical capacitive materials coated on a current collector. The negative electrode includes metal materials capable of having electrochemical reactivity toward lithium ion. The protective layer includes oxides or hydroxides of the metal materials.