Abstract: Package structures and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The package structure includes a first bump structure formed over a first substrate. The first bump structure includes a first pillar layer formed over the first substrate and a first barrier layer formed over the first pillar layer. In addition, the first barrier layer has a first protruding portion laterally extending outside a first edge of the first pillar layer. The package structure further includes a second bump structure bonded to the first bump structure through a solder joint. In addition, the second bump structure includes a second pillar layer formed over a second substrate and a second barrier layer formed over the second pillar layer. The first protruding portion of the first barrier layer is spaced apart from the solder joint.

Abstract: An approach to measuring power consumption of multiple appliances adopts a transition probability to model the correlation and causality of appliance events caused by human behavior. The sequential order and relevance of using appliances can be taken into account. For instance, correlation between the use of (e.g., states of) different electrical appliances may be used.

Abstract: An anti-skid plate is to be fixed on a corner of a step of a stair. The corner is formed with a generally L-shaped notch which has a generally horizontal notch portion and a generally vertical notch portion that form an angle of about 90° therebetween. The anti-skid plate includes a rectangular, generally horizontal plate portion for engaging fittingly the horizontal notch portion of the notch in the corner of the step of the stair, and has a plurality of upwardly extending integral upper ribs that are generally parallel to the vertical notch portion and that have round top ends, and a rectangular, generally vertical plate portion that has a top side formed integrally on an outer side of the horizontal plate portion and that is mounted to engage fittingly the vertical notch portion. A lower rib projects integrally and downwardly from the horizontal plate portion in a direction that is generally parallel to the vertical plate portion.