Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a field effect transistor (FET) having a metal gate structure, a source and a drain over a substrate is formed. A first frontside contact disposed between dummy metal gate structures is formed over an isolation insulating layer. A frontside wiring layer is formed over the first frontside contact. A part of the substrate is removed from a backside of the substrate so that a bottom of the isolation insulating layer is exposed. A first opening is formed in the isolation insulating layer from the bottom of the isolation insulating layer to expose a bottom of the first frontside contact. A first backside contact is formed by filling the first opening with a conductive material to connect the first frontside contact.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for a solid state disk includes a processor, a flash, a golden finger can be coupled to a direct current (DC) voltage, a boost converter coupled to the golden finger and configured to convert the DC voltage to a power voltage, a super-capacitor charger coupled to the boost converter, a super-capacitor coupled to the super-capacitor charger and configured to be charged by the super-capacitor charger and output a charge voltage, a control unit coupled to the super-capacitor and the boost converter, and a detection unit configured to compare the power voltage with a preset voltage. When the power voltage is less than the preset voltage, the control unit outputs the charge voltage to the processor and the flash; and when the power voltage is no less than the preset voltage, the control unit outputs the power voltage to the processor and the flash.

Abstract: A control circuit includes a controller, first and second electronic switches, a diode, first to fourth resistors, and a capacitor. The controller is coupled to a power supply of a computer. The controller is also coupled to the first and second electronic switches. The first electronic switch is coupled to a cathode of the diode through the second electronic switch. An anode of the diode is coupled to ground through the capacitor. When the mains supply operates normally, the capacitor is charged by the power supply. When the mains supply is cut off, the capacitor is discharged to provide voltages to the computer for data storage.

Abstract: A serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) dual-in-line memory module (DIMM) includes a circuit board. A control chip and a number of storage chips are arranged on the circuit board. First and second extending boards extend from an end of the circuit board and are coplanar with the circuit board. A space is defined between the first and the second extending boards. A first edge connector is arranged on the first extending board and connected to the control chip. A second edge connector is arranged on bottom edges of the second extending board and the circuit board. A third edge connector is arranged on a top edge of the circuit board opposite to the bottom edge of the circuit board.

Abstract: A buck converter configured for converting a voltage output from a power supply to a load includes a first switch, a second switch, an inductor, three compensators and a control microchip. The first switch and the second switch are connected in series between two ends of the power supply. A first end of the inductor is connected to a node between the first switch and the second switch; a second end of the inductor serves as an output terminal connected to the load. The compensators are correspondingly connected to the first switch, the second switch and the inductor. The control microchip is electrically connected to the first and second switches and the node. The control microchip controls the first and second switches to turn on or off, and executes a current protective process when output current of the output terminal exceeds a current protective threshold of the load.

Abstract: A power supply device for an electronic device includes a power supply module, a sampling module, a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller, and a processor. The PWM controller controls the power supply module to be switched on. The sampling module samples current generated by the power supply module and generates sampling signals correspondingly. The PWM controller receives the sampling signals and transmits the sampling signals to the processor. The processor calculates values of the current according to the sampling signals.

Abstract: A power protection system for a power supply includes a power unit, a microcontroller, a connector, a current sensing resistor, a hot-swap controller, and an electronic switch having first to third terminals. The first terminal is connected to the connector through the current sensing resistor. The second terminal is connected to the power unit. The third terminal is connected to a control pin of the hot-swap controller. First and second sensing pins of the hot-swap controller are respectively connected to two ends of the current sensing resistor. A monitoring pin of the hot-swap controller is connected to the second terminal. A clock pin and a data pin of the hot-swap controller are connected to two terminals of the microcontroller.

Abstract: A buck converter configured for converting a voltage output from a power supply to a load includes a first switch, a second switch, an inductor, three compensators and a control microchip. The first switch and the second switch are connected in series between two ends of the power supply. A first end of the inductor is connected to a node between the first switch and the second switch; a second end of the inductor serves as an output terminal connected to the load. The compensators are correspondingly connected to the first switch, the second switch and the inductor. The control microchip is electrically connected to the first and second switches and the node. The control microchip controls the first and second switches to turn on or off, and executes a current protective process when output current of the output terminal exceeds a current protective threshold of the load.

Abstract: A serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) dual-in-line memory module (DIMM) includes a circuit board. A control chip and a number of storage chips are arranged on the circuit board. First and second extending boards extend from an end of the circuit board and are coplanar with the circuit board. A space is defined between the first and the second extending boards. A first edge connector is arranged on the first extending board and connected to the control chip. A second edge connector is arranged on bottom edges of the second extending board and the circuit board. A third edge connector is arranged on a top edge of the circuit board opposite to the bottom edge of the circuit board.

Abstract: A loading card includes a printed circuit board, first and second connection portions. The first connection portion includes first and second voltage pins, and a first ground pin. The second connection portion includes third and fourth voltage pins, and a second ground pin. The loading card also includes a first voltage signal test point connected to the first and third voltage pins, a second voltage signal test point connected to the second and fourth voltage pins, a first ground signal test point connected to the first and second ground signal test points, and a second ground signal test point connected to the first and second ground signal test points.

Abstract: A power management unit (PMU) for supplying electrical energy to a circuitry of a portable electronic device includes a power supply module, a power detection module connected to the power supply module, and a power control module connected to the power detection module and the circuitry. The power supply module includes a battery, a charge controller, and an adapter. The power detection includes a detection resistor connected to the battery, the charge controller, and the adapter. The battery or the adapter provides electrical energy to the circuitry. The adapter further charges the battery to charge the battery when it is used to provide electrical energy to the circuitry. The charge controller detects the current for charging the battery via the detection resistor, and regulates the current for charging the battery when the charging current exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a power cable, a host, a rechargeable battery, and a power management assembly. The power cable is configured for electrically coupling an external power supply to the electronic device. The rechargeable battery is electrically coupled to the host. The power management assembly is electrically coupled to the host and the rechargeable battery. The power management assembly is configured for controlling drawing the maximum rated power of the electronic device from the external power supply through the power cable as the power management assembly is being used, and controlling the host to switch on a power-saving mode, and increase current flowing to the rechargeable battery when the host works in the power-saving mode.

Abstract: A PCB includes an outer layer and an inner layer. An electronic component is mounted on the outer layer. The outer layer further defines a first pad, a second pad, a third pad, a fourth pad, and a number of via holes. The electrical performances of the first pad and the second pad are the same to that of the inner layer. The first pad and the second pad are conducted to the electronic component. The third pad and the fourth pad are respectively conducted to the first pad and the second pad through the electronic component. The electrical performances of the third pad and the fourth pad are different from that of the inner layer. The via holes are respectively electrically connected to the third pad and the fourth pad.

Abstract: A power protection system for a power supply includes a power unit, a microcontroller, a connector, a current sensing resistor, a hot-swap controller, and an electronic switch having first to third terminals. The first terminal is connected to the connector through the current sensing resistor. The second terminal is connected to the power unit. The third terminal is connected to a control pin of the hot-swap controller. First and second sensing pins of the hot-swap controller are respectively connected to two ends of the current sensing resistor. A monitoring pin of the hot-swap controller is connected to the second terminal. A clock pin and a data pin of the hot-swap controller are connected to two terminals of the microcontroller.

Abstract: Measurement of power efficiency of a power supply device includes detecting a value of a current input to the power supply device and transmitting the input current value to a processor. A pulse width modulation (PWM) controller detects a value of a current output by the power supply device and transmits the output current value to the processor. A value of the power efficiency of the power supply device is calculated according to the input current value and the output current value.

Abstract: A power supply device for an electronic device includes a power supply module, a sampling module, a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller, and a processor. The PWM controller controls the power supply module to be switched on. The sampling module samples current generated by the power supply module and generates sampling signals correspondingly. The PWM controller receives the sampling signals and transmits the sampling signals to the processor. The processor calculates values of the current according to the sampling signals.

Abstract: A loading card includes a printed circuit board, first and second connection portions. The first connection portion includes first and second voltage pins, and a first ground pin. The second connection portion includes third and fourth voltage pins, and a second ground pin. The loading card also includes a first voltage signal test point connected to the first and third voltage pins, a second voltage signal test point connected to the second and fourth voltage pins, a first ground signal test point connected to the first and second ground signal test points, and a second ground signal test point connected to the first and second ground signal test points.

Abstract: A PCB includes an outer layer and an inner layer. An electronic component is mounted on the outer layer. The outer layer further defines a first pad, a second pad, a third pad, a fourth pad, and a number of via holes. The electrical performances of the first pad and the second pad are the same to that of the inner layer. The first pad and the second pad are conducted to the electronic component. The third pad and the fourth pad are respectively conducted to the first pad and the second pad through the electronic component. The electrical performances of the third pad and the fourth pad are different from that of the inner layer. The via holes are respectively electrically connected to the third pad and the fourth pad.

Abstract: A power management unit (PMU) for supplying electrical energy to a circuitry of a portable electronic device includes a power supply module, a power detection module connected to the power supply module, and a power control module connected to the power detection module and the circuitry. The power supply module provides electrical energy to the circuitry through the power detection module and the power control module. The power detection module detects the power of the electrical energy provided to the circuitry and controls the power control module to limit the power of the electrical energy provided to the circuitry when the power of the electrical energy provided to the circuitry exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A power management unit (PMU) for supplying electrical energy to a circuitry of a portable electronic device includes a power supply module, a power detection module connected to the power supply module, and a power control module connected to the power detection module and the circuitry. The power supply module includes a battery, a charge controller, and an adapter. The power detection includes a detection resistor connected to the battery, the charge controller, and the adapter. The battery or the adapter provides electrical energy to the circuitry. The adapter further charges the battery to charge the battery when it is used to provide electrical energy to the circuitry. The charge controller detects the current for charging the battery via the detection resistor, and regulates the current for charging the battery when the charging current exceeds a predetermined value.